Personal Narrative- Soccer State Championship Essay -- Personal Narrat

Individual Narrative-Soccer State Championship On February 28, 2005, I encountered one of the most energizing occasions that anybody would ever encounter †winning a State Championship. The day my soccer group left a mark on the world is a day I’ll always remember. Anyway it isn't only that day we won the title, yet the entire experience of the former season that got us there. From beginning to end, my team’s 2004-2005 season instructed me that the saying is valid. You can do anything you set your focus on. From before the very first moment, every one of our psyches were set. This was the year to win a State Championship. I can’t precisely clarify it, yet directly from the beginning I realized we would do it. I was never so secure with anything in my life and I never questioned it once. However it was a quiet certainty, which I minded my own business. In spite of the fact that every one of us was certain about winning state, we had a lot to work through before we made it there. The initial hardly any long stretches of training were loaded with awful perspectives and lethargy. As a sophomore, I, alongside the other underclassman, kept my mouth shut and put exertion into rehearses. It was t...

Week 2 - Team C A ssignment Essays - Business Economics, Economy

Week 2 - Team C A ssignment Essays - Business Economics, Economy Week 2 - Team C A ssignment A CC/4 00 November 2 , 2015 Imprint Tischler Figure 2: T-represents Assume table is done and sold Figure 3: Time Tickets and Materials Requisition Form Figure 5: T-represents Assume table is done and sold, shelves are done and China Cabinet is n ot wrapped up This learning group learning movement expected us to stroll through the reenactment of employment request costing process for a producer of a specially designed furniture that makes three distinct household items - table, bo alright retires and china cupboards. We strolled through the assembling procedure of a table, shelf, and a china bureau and move through just as the relating stream of expenses through the bookkeeping frameworks and the T accounts. We were likewise required to follow the expenses of direct materials, direct work and assembling overhead. Some portion of this procedure was rounding out work cost sheets so as to precisely follow three unique occupations (table, shelves, and china bureau ) . This procedure permitted our group to comprehend the whole creation process from crude materials to completed merchandise just as seeing how to these expenses are treated in the bookkeeping framework. Employment request costing frameworks are utilized for ventures that are exceptional, custom, and non-tedious. The main role of movement put together costing framework centers with respect to creating progressively exact expenses and is utilized by a few organizations that produce specially crafted, non-mass items item (for example specially designed tables, or personal jets). When figuring costs for work request costing, overhead expenses are dispensed to every individual activity, while direct expenses are followed. In our model, first, the crude materials (both immediate and aberrant) were bought from outside providers and spot d in the crude material distribution center. At that point, direct work cost s including two representatives ( one (Employee An) in cutting and another (Employee B) in completing offices) were followed by utilizing the time tickets. The immediate materials are likewise followed by utilizing the materia ls demand structure, in which the immediate work labore r demands the materials (for instance wood, glass and so forth ) expected to start the work on a specific activity. To finish the activity cost sheet, producing overhead should be dispensed. In an ordinary costing framework, a foreordained overhead rate is utilized assessed by the organization. A foreordained overhead rate is controlled by partitioning all out overhead by real direct work hours. This overhead rate is then applied the quantity of direct work hours acquired by each activity. On the off chance that the applied overhead sums are more than genuine, at that point we have over applied overhead. These sums will in general parity our from month to month, and the measure of over or under applied overhead at the year-end is normally not material and the equalizations might be shut straightforwardly to the expense of merchandise sold in the pay proclamation. A significant movement of designating overheads in work request cost framework includes choosing an action base which depends on genuine reason or driver of the Company to devour the assets. This is significant as certain items require less action while others require more. For offices that are progressively capital escalated, machine hours ought to be utilized as a portion base, while for difficult work concentrated offices, direct work hours ought to be utilized as an assignment base. This is a significant part of assignment overhead in action based costing, as exercises that cause or drive overhead, called cost drivers must be appropriately decided. In this reproduction, we were at that point given applied assembling overhead and utilized direct work hours as a driver of for completing division and machine hours as a dr iver for the cutting office. Opposite of action based costing, a plant-wide cost driver is ideal to utilize while designating the entirety of the organization's overheads to its creation yield. Plant wide rate is the sum per machine hour, work hour, or a level of item's immediate expenses. References: Electronic Reading: Job Order Costing, a reproduction and vehicle for calculated conversation; got from University of Phoenix Website Williams, J. R., Haka, S. F., Bettner , M. S., Carcello , J. V. (2015). Money related administrative bookkeeping: The reason for business choices (seventeenth ed ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies

Post-Finals, Pre-Graduation

Post-Finals, Pre-Graduation At MIT, there are two weeks between the last day of finals and commencement. The second of those two weeks is called Senior Week: the class council for the years graduating class buys a whole bunch of group tickets to activities like skydiving or a Red Sox game, and the rest of us lottery in for tickets. The website is here, in case youre curious and want to see this years full event listing. I only had two final exams this year (although a lot of my senior friends had ZERO finalsbooooooooooooooo!!!) so I was done by Wednesday of finals week. That evening, I went with the Arts Scholars to see The Tempest at the American Repertory Theater (ART) in Cambridge. Teller of Penn Teller (a famous magician duo) was one of the shows co-directors, and went all out: Ariel (if youre not familiar with The Tempest, Ariel is a little spirit bound to serve the main character, Prospero) was an incredible magician himself and very good at card throwing. Large objects appeared out of nowhere, people were lifted into the air by invisible ropes or on invisible platforms (I still have no idea) and bodies contorted (mirrors?) The next day, a few friends and I rented a car and drove the ~2 hours to Cape Cod. It was cold and rainy but we had a blast anyway it was just nice to be off-campus and away from a computer so that I couldnt sit in my room refreshing Stellar*. Here are some pictures: *The Stellar website is where final grades appear. If you become an MIT student, you will probablylearn to obsessively refresh Stellar. (From left to right: Adam 15, Xiaoyue 15, me, Michelle 14, Emma 14) The day after that, I went to a Boston Pops concert  and two days after that  a different group of friends and I rented another car and drove to Montréal. Its a 5-hour drive if you take a straight shot, but we decided to stop at my friend Cams house in Vermont so the trip there took 6 hours instead. On the way back we stopped for a tour of the Ben Jerrys factory and got to sample a new mint fudge flavor that hasnt hit the shelves yet. The new flavor has my approval, in case anybody is wondering. Heres a picture of 4/5 of us climbing a sculpture: And scenes of the Old Town: (From left to right: me, Sophie 14, Lisa 17, Brynna 17, Cam 13) Here are some of the things I ate: I tried poutine as well and have to admit that I was not a big fan. On our second (and last; it was a short trip) day, we spent the morning walking up Mount Royal and the afternoon at the botanical gardens. The view from the top of Mount Royal: And the botanical gardens: aaaaaand finally, two days ago, I took a break from packing (how did I accumulate so much stuff? HOW?) and went hiking in the White Mountains, a ~2h45m drive away. On the way, we stopped in the very quaint (and very small) town of Canterbury, New Hampshire, and ate bagel bites in the country store (which advertised selling worms and crawlers): We hiked up to the summit of Mount Pemigewasset. It was high enough that a few dozen feet from the summit, the deciduous foliage morphed into conifers, the humidity morphed into cool dry air, the mud puddles morphed into bare rock, and the bugs disappeared. The views were pretty spectacular: aaaaand now its Thursday of graduation week. I picked up my regalia (cap and gown) from the Coop yesterday. Its hanging outside my closet in a (probably vain) attempt to get the wrinkles out. In 45 minutes my parents are coming to take me and my sister to lunch. Im half-convinced that any minute now Im going to get a call or an e-mail that says oops, sorry, you cant graduate because you forgot this or that requirement. Or maybe when Im walking across the stage to pick up my diploma, President Reif will say wait, who are you? we dont have a diploma for you. do you even go here? Or maybe in a little over 24 hours Ill actually have a piece of paper that says that I have received a B.S. in Physics.

Computer Science Essay - 540 Words

Computer Science Computer science is one of the fastest growing career fields in modern history. Dating back only a few decades to the late 1950s and early 1960s, it has become on of the leading industries in the world today. Developed through the technological architecture of electrical engineering and the computational language of mathematics, the science of computer technology has provided considerable recognition and financial gain for many of its well deserving pioneers. Originally conceived as an organizational solution to the massive amounts of information kept on nothing more than paper, computers have evolved and advanced to become a common part of modern day life. In the early days of the computer age, the newest and most†¦show more content†¦It is essentially the brain of the computer and though it is the main determining factor in the processing power of the computer as a whole, many other parts of the machine are just as important in overall performance. Many pe ople dont know this and that is how computer corporations have cheated people out of their money for so many years by selling them cheep systems with high megahertz numbers for the processors in them. This is one reason for the success of the computer industry. When people find out that they have been cheated, they will try to learn more about the product and probably end up spending more money next time. Either way the computer companies always win. A career in the field of computer science has been proven to be a worthwhile direction for any young enthusiast and this tren is looking just as bright in the new millenium. Computer science and technology has much to offer in anyone of its many career paths. Whether working with a large multinational corporation or a smaller private company on computer hardware or software in engineering or programming, the possibilities and opportunities are endless and are increasing everyday. One reason the computer industry is so promising is that virtually every industry in the world depends on computers to operate. This creates an increasingly large and permanent demand for computer hardware, software, and the technical knowledge to create and use them. Computer games haveShow MoreRelatedComputer Science Into The Curriculum1524 Words   |  7 PagesComputing Computer Science back into the Curriculum Imagine I am an employer and I m looking to hire someone with computer science skills. Now I look for people who have the skills required for the position. And then something surprises me, there’s hardly anyone who qualifies. What do I do? Do I hire someone who will learn on the job, or someone who already has the skills needed for the position? I will do the latter and outsource to someone from outside the US and bring him in using an H-1B workingRead MoreA Study On Computer Science2265 Words   |  10 Pagesdegree in computer science is decreasing due to to common stereotypes women believe about computer science and the experiences they have while studying computer science. According to the National Center for Women Information Technology only â€Å"17% of 2014 Computer Science and Information Sciences bachelor’s degree recipients were female†(NCWIT Fact Sheet). Computer Science is mainly a male dominated field. There are many factors that come into play whe n a woman decides to become a computer science majorRead MoreThe Importance Of A Computer Science Major1501 Words   |  7 Pagespreparation of being a computer science major. Expanding from there this essay investigates a more broad aspect of what it takes to be a successful computer science major both in and out of college. The argument I make is that success comes from the professional development of computer science related skills. Simply put, this essay explains the best practices of learning experts and then applies them to compute science. The argument being that having a successful career in computer science comes down to learningRead MoreComputer Science Is Not A Science Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuing advancements in computer science, featuring headlines like: â€Å"LIVING ROBOT with HUMAN BRAIN Close to Creation as Super AI Computer Around the Corner† (Millar, 2016) or â€Å"Automating Big-Data Analysis† (Hardesty, 2016) But what is computer sc ience really? When asked what computer science is, most respond by saying that it is coding, software development, using computers, or the field where people just fix computers. While although those are the components of computer science, when put to the testRead MoreComputer Science And Education : Computers1577 Words   |  7 PagesComputer Science in Education As the people of the world change, the skills that are necessary to survive do as well. Every time a new technology is invented and inserted into everyday use, it is expected of people to learn to use it in order to progress. For example, when shoes with laces were invented and popularized, people were taught at a very early age how to tie them, and it is now common knowledge to know how to tie shoelaces into a bow. Now there is a new technology that the world is becomingRead MoreComputer Science Is A Meaningful Life999 Words   |  4 PagesComputer science promotes a meaningful life. Computer science means the principles and use of computer. It not only limits there because computer science defines mathematics everyday life. The author argues the effect of computer science at all over our curriculum in high school. This is important because computer science compels students to create problem to solving thus engage them more into work, especially mathematics. Computer science motiva tes work in mathematics as it relates to each otherRead MoreComputer Science As A Science1021 Words   |  5 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE Computer science spans the range from theory through programming to cutting-edge development of computing solutions. Computer science offers a foundation to adapt new technologies and new ideas. It has become one of the booming fields in the world. So this inspired me to pursue computer science as major field. Many individuals have an aspiration to be a part of this highly coveted field and I am one of those. My passion in the Computer Science developed ever since I was in schoolRead MoreThe Science Of Computer Science1277 Words   |  6 PagesAcademic Statement of Purpose NAME: Master of Science in Computer Science The 21st century has been driven by the advances of technology. Its applications span from the primitive audio players to the advanced robotics involving Artificial Intelligence. All this has happened only because of the continuous development of the modern technology. This rapidly advancing field of science attracted my interest and made me choose Computer Science as the major field of study in my Bachelor of Engineering.Read MoreThe Teaching Of Computer Science900 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same amount of attention as others do. One course in particular is computer science or the teaching of HTML. HyperText Markup Language, commonly abbreviated as HTML, is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology used to create web pages, as well as to create user interfaces for mobile and web applications. (â€Å"HTML†) The teaching of computer science or HTML is a valuable skill that goes unnoticed in most high s chools nowadaysRead MoreMy Developers Apprenticeship In Computer Science1330 Words   |  6 PagesFrom my Developer’s Apprenticeship at Expedia, I’ve learned that through computer science, I can control technology and its users. It excites me to understand the intricate nature of code that, when executed correctly, blossoms into a user-interface allowing people to complete necessary tasks. And while an interface should be predictable for the end-user, it’s always evolving behind-the-screens. By manipulating code, I can influence what the user clicks on next. Being the link between humans and

Technology And Technology - 1453 Words

With the advancements in technology, many things have changed in the world. Technology has made improvements in the automotive industry, agricultural industry and in modern medicine. At one time you would see technology in sci-fi movies, television or in posters. But now some of those fantasies/miracles are coming true. With today’s modern technology researchers and scientists have conducted preformed some vital experiments, i.e. cloning animals, growing/manufacturing body parts, and even produce medicines to cure or relay illnesses. Modern technology has help change many lives by repairing or replacing organs and with the many improvements in genetic engineering. This allows researchers to modify a gene and genetics. Researchers and†¦show more content†¦(American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, 2014) American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy also states that in ex-vivo gene therapy is when a patient cells can be harvested, cultivated in the laboratory, and inc ubated with vectors carrying a corrective or therapeutic gene. When the cells have the new genetic information they will be transferred back into the patient. The most researchers have chosen this method of getting the genetic information to the target by the viral vector because the virus usually will attract certain cells. An example of a viral infection is chickenpox, hepatitis, influenza or meningitis†. Ricki Lewis suggest that to describe gene therapy, is to take a damaged gene and undo the harm that was done by some type of virus or flaw; and after a big delay in gene therapy, researchers feel that it is the time to put the gene therapy into the hospitals and clinics. Researchers participating in some of the medical trials gave healthy DNA to individuals with cancer of the blood, hemophilia and genetic blindness. Of all the individuals tested, whose blindness was hereditary 40 of them had their vision restored. And of the 120 patients with diverse cancers most of them have seenShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Technology907 Words   |  4 PagesOther Name With the advancements of technology, what past generations have defined as traditionally being ‘intelligent’ is outdated in today’s age and Millennials have found new ways to be just as capable as the old generation. Elevating learning in a way that was once unimaginable in the past, technology is forging a path to open a brighter future built on achieving knowledge by technology and Millennials are taking wide strides across that path. Has technology truly been nothing, but a detrimentRead MoreEssay On Technology And Technology779 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Technology Actually Make Us Feel More Alone? When I think about the question of technology and the ability it has to make us feel â€Å"alone†, I think about myself, my family and my friends. As a millennial, I have grown up in such a technologically advanced world that it is becoming more and more of a second nature that children at young ages of 10 and 12 are receiving their first cellphone. While time progresses and the need for technology rises, our society as a whole is slowly startingRead MoreTechnology And Conversation : Technology971 Words   |  4 PagesRyan Fletcher 09/21/2015 Essay 1 Technology and conversation It is amazing how everyone’s life is changing by through us of technology. â€Å"Technology by definition means, the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science†(Technology). Today people use different kinds of technology like: cellphones, iPods, laptopsRead MoreTechnology And Modern Technology1392 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I see children as little as two using technology, I get worried. My niece Savanna loves having touch screens in her little hands, but it makes me wonder if her childhood could be wasted on the constantly developing technology of today. When I was a child, it was typical to go outside, get a little dirty, run around and have fun outside. Sadly, not all children are the same. How will these children feel? Will they be glad they were a part of the â€Å"app generation† or will they regret it later onRead MoreTechnology And Application Of Technologies Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesNew technology and application of technologies can enhance your professional Personal, and academic productivity in many ways. In the professional hospital setting technology has greatly increased patient satisfaction and safety. In a personal setting technologies have changes the way many people live, care for their families and pay bills. New technology has also greatly improved the academics with online classes, research, and. These new technological advances have greatly improved the way I canRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Technology957 Words   |  4 PagesAre we becoming way too dependent on technology and allowing it to take over our lives? The majority of people own at least one or more of these devices: a computer, laptop, tablet, or a cell phone. So man y people seem unable to function through their daily routine without having access to some form of technology device. I’m willing to bet that you have at least two of these devices in your home, too. Now, stop and think about how often we use technology devices throughout the day. As a result ofRead MoreEssay On Technology And Technology747 Words   |  3 PagesFull Title: Technology Appropriation Studies have shown that technology can help young children learn. The use of technology has become a part of most curriculums and when used appropriate it can be effective. The use of technology in early childhood classes can extend the way young children are learn. The use of technology can enhance learning, can help children communication, can become resourceful, and can shrink the educational and digital divide preparing them for the changing world. TheRead MoreTechnology And Technology Essay780 Words   |  4 Pages Technology Men who were exposed to electromagnetic radiation from laptop Wi-Fi for four hours had sperm with DNA damage and decreased motility. Technology can be good but as the saying goes, a little too much of something can be bad. Technology is great but can have a huge impact on an individual. Too much technology can even affect families and the way people communicate and socialize with them. All of this can also affect people in the long run. How would someone’s life be if all they do is surroundRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology1411 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology and its Effects The term technology originated from the Greek word ‘technologia’. Technology refers to the use of machines and various tools that make our daily work lives simpler, easier and organized. The word also refers to the different tools, gadgets, and resources used by humans so as to help them control and adapt to their environment appropriately (Bridgman, 5}. Technology also refers to the knowledge of techniques and processes and is embedded mostly in machines used as factorsRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Technology971 Words   |  4 Pagesme, the technology is just like a door which brings me to an absolutely new world. It is also like a wire that connects me and the outside world. The first thing that I do before getting up and the last thing that I do before going asleep is checking my cell phone. Every day, I do homework, write blogs, send and receive emails, take photos, know about the latest news, and chat with friends with the aid of technologies. My attitude toward technology is complex. I am obsessed with technology which makes

Business Practice in Australia Free Essays

string(27) " contact by their surname\." Some rural communities will not have the same exposure to immigrants and international visitors, although the popularity of Australia as a budget traveler destination has affected that. Generally variety is accepted and people of many cultures will be seen in the workplace and are accepted. (Source 3) Source 3: Cultural Dimension and Concept Hoofed Background to Business in Australia Book Author: Egger The country is very large with smallest amount of population compared to land area though has equally states of USA relatively has a population half the size of California. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Practice in Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to lack of domestic market in size compared to geographic isolation which means Australian business increasingly recognize the need of international market to ensure their future country income as well as well being of country. Indeed, a criticism that has been leveled against Australian business organizations has been their slowness to take up the challenge of international. Source 4) Thus, Australia finds itself needing to become ever more international in its outlook both economically and politically. The extremely successful economy is dependent upon trade with both the US and increasingly with key Asian countries such as China, Japan and India. Traditional British Commonwealth links have been declining in importance over several decades. ( Source 4) In short Australia is a small market with a highly educated, affluent population which realizes the importance of international trade – they are waiting to do business with you! ( Source 4) Australian Business Structures people do not give the impression that they ‘think they are somebody’. It is much better to be seen as a ‘good bloke’ or a ‘good mate’ than somebody who is overtly proud of themselves and their achievements. Australian business thinking is based on US business modeling where people would have conflict with influence to be slavish with others who are in favor of US style entrepreneurial. ( Source 5) These dispute combination leads Australian organization to be fairly non-hierarchical in their structure. Attention is paid to titles and ranking with the organizations. Thus NY integration organization looking to set up operation in country should be well advised against their behavior of business structure. Similarly, do not be too surprised if Australian business contacts seem willfully disrespectful of hierarchy when working internationally – they are not being rude, merely acting in a consistent Australian manner. ( Source 5) (Source 4 5: Horticulturalists. Com/ Australian Business Structure. HTML) Australian Management Style It is believe in Australia that in work everyone is Just having different Jobs not as in terms of different position, therefore manages are not expected to see themselves as n any way superior to their colleagues. Such approach may provoke outright hostility. Challenging the idea of boss in open meeting is not at all consider as rude or disrespectful on contrary it is found as committed or an professional approach, therefore it is compulsory to adopt consultative style of management which is inclusive of person’s opinions or an open debate of ideas. In keeping with the Australian direct style of communication, debates between senior and Junior executives may appear from the outside as confrontational and occasionally they rarely are. This style of interaction is merely viewed as the most acrimonious ? effective way of attaining the end goal. ( Source 6) Australian managers to not remain aloof from members of their team ? they usually want to be ‘one of the boys’ and be seen as ‘a good bloke’. The idea of managers only socializing with other managers would be viewed as very affected and would be likely to result in alienation. ( Source 6: Horticulturalists. Com/Australian Management Style) Australian Meetings Australian do considered punctuality as virtue, however meeting often start five or ten minutes late. In addition, it has tradition to go through few minutes of small talk fore getting down to serious discussion of meeting where sport is considered as common theme of discussions. Post planning culture is very well known in Australia prior to client facing meetings where little preparation is done before to attend such meetings. As an egalitarian approach, Australian are often set as an forum for open debate of an issue during meeting and found professional in doing so. Being ‘over- prepared’ for meetings can result in certain negative feelings towards those who have prepared in advance as they can be seen to be trying to dictate and force their ideas on other people. If something important arises during the open debate it will not be excluded simply because it does not occur on the agenda. ( Source 7) Source 7 : Horticulturalists. Com/Australian Meetings Australian Team Australian looks for those who are very good as team player and has extreme importance according to their psyche where as Loner or invariable person not considered as good team person. Food and drinks are actively encouraged during make themselves out to be better than their colleagues in workplace does not make a good team player. A competitive edge should be directed towards the other am’ (the competition) rather than being internally focused. ( Source 8: Horticulturalist. Com/ Australian Team) Australian Communication Styles Although Australia is resided with many different people from parts of world with over 100 languages being spoken by those population who have emigrated there, English is the official and by far most commonly spoken language. Directness is cherished in Australia and failure to say what you mean and mean what you say can be mistaken for evasiveness and even hypocrisy. ( Source 9) It is important not to be too self-promotional when presenting to Australians. A hard sell approach can often be misconstrued as bragging and can provoke a very negative response. Remember that people do not like to make out that they are better than others ? the same probably applies to products and services. A factual description of issues will be far better received than a more hyperbolic approach. Source 9) First names are invariably used in all business situations in Australia. It would be very unusual to call a business contact by their surname. You read "Business Practice in Australia" in category "Papers" Similarly, educational titles play relatively little part in business situations. (Source 9: Horticulturalists. Mom/Australian Communication style) Women in Business in Australia Women currently make up a large percentage of the workforce but as in many other countries are often found in lower paid and part-time Jobs. Whilst progress is being made, statistics will show that women are still paid comparatively less for doing the same Job as a man. On the other hand, women have made more progress in attaining managerial positions than in many other leading industrialists nations and more and more women are reaching the highest levels of Australian organizations. (Source 10) :horticulturalists. Mom/ Women in business in Australia Australian Dress Code In corporate Australia, standard business dress is still very much the norm. Dark suits and ties are the standard dress for management level businessmen with women wearing business suits with either skirts or trousers. Remember that, for much of the year, Australia is a very hot country – so make sure that your clothing is lightweight and cool during those periods. Try to avoid excessive Jewelry and accessories which may be viewed as too ‘flashy’ and therefore unprofessional. ( Source 1 1 : Horticulturalists. Mom/Australian dress code. HTML) Australian Etiquette Customs ( Source 12) Meeting Etiquette Australians are not very formal so greetings are casual and relaxed. A handshake and smile suffices. While an Australian may say, ‘Giddy’ or ‘Giddy, mate’, this may sound patronizing from a foreigner. Visitors should simply say, ‘Hello’ or ‘Hello, how are you? ‘ Gussies prefer to use first names, even at the initial meeting Gift Giving Etiquette Small gifts are commonly exchanged with family members, close friends, and neighbors on birthdays and Christmas. Trades people such as sanitation workers ay be given a small amount of cash, or more likely, a bottle of wine or a six-pack of beer! If invited to someone’s home for dinner, it is polite to bring a box of chocolates are opened when received. Dining Etiquette Many invitations to an Gussies home will be for a ‘Barbie’ (BBC). Guests to a barbeques typically bring wine or beer for their personal consumption. In some cases, very informal barbecues may suggest that you bring your own meat! Arrive on time if invited to dinner; no more than 15 minutes late if invited too barbeques or a large party. (Source 12: Kiss, Bow, Shake hand , Page 25-26) Successful Entertaining in Australia There is no great tradition for business entertaining in Australia and it certainly shouldn’t be viewed as the quick way to cement relationships with a new client or contact. In fact, you are more likely to be asked out for lunch or dinner once a firm relationship has been established – in this way the meal can in no way be seen to have influenced a business decision. People will very often ‘go Dutch’ over a meal – this means that the bill is split equally amongst those present at the meal. If you wish to pay, make sure you make this clear before the meal to avoid any embarrassing abates when the bill is presented. ( Source 13) If invited to a pub or bar for a drink, it is very important to make sure you pay your ‘shout’ – that means that everybody is expected to pay for a round of drinks. It is unadvisable to develop a reputation as someone who does not pay for his or her fair share of the drinks! Tipping is not always necessary but is usually expected at the better restaurants. Tips are usually for about 10% of the total bill. (Source 13 : Worldliness culture website- Entertaining in Australia. HTML ) Appendix Source: World Business Culture -Australia/ Tips to live and to do business in Australia . Although Australia is relatively geographically remote and has a small domestic market, it is economically successful and its citizens have a comparatively high standard of living. . Due to its small domestic market, Australia needs to trade actively on the international market place and Australians know this – they are open to new ideas from overseas. 3. Australians prize their egalitarian approach to life- people should not try to make out that they are better than others. 4. This egalitarian world view is mirrored in many aspects of Australian business culture fr om corporate truckers to management and communication style. 5. On the whole, Australian hierarchical approach tends to sit uneasily in egalitarian Australia. 6. Managers try to develop a ‘mate’ relationship with their colleagues and would be viewed negatively if they tried to seem aloof from subordinates. 7. Everybody expects to have an input into the decision-making process even if, in the final analysis, the boss still makes the decision. If the boss makes the decision with no prior consultation, it unlikely that people will be very keen to ensure implementation. 8. Decision-making meetings can e quite animated and it is expected that people will say exactly what they think without necessarily having to defer automatically to the boss’ viewpoint. . Although Australians will say that they value punctuality as a professional necessity, do not be surprised if people appear five to ten minutes late for a meeting. 10. Some small talk is usually engaged in before the meeting proper starts. This stage of the meeting is, however, rarely protracted (five minutes or less. ) 1 1 . Australians tend to plan in less detail than certa in other countries 12. The object of a meeting is often to explore the arioso possibilities available at that time, in order to determine what detailed actions may need to be taken after the meeting 13. Agendas are often produced at meetings but will not, necessarily, be strictly adhered to. Some deviation is allowed if it is felt to be constructive deviation. This is viewed as pragmatic. 14. Australians like to be viewed as good team players and will try very hard to play the role. 15. Teams are best managed by somebody who wants to be part of the team, rather than somebody who wished to be seen as apart from the team. 16. A team leader should IEEE themselves the ‘first amongst equals’. 17. Australians like people to say exactly what is on their mind. Hiding your views behind diplomatic language can be seen as evasiveness. 18. Never try to ‘hard sell’ things to Australians who will probably view such an approach as bragging. Such an approach will invariably backfire in Australia. 19. Humor is an oft-used communication device in Australian business circles. It is difficult to envisage many situations where the use of humor would be deemed inappropriate. 20. Business attire in Australia tends towards the formal with suits ND ties the norm for men in management positions in major cities. Appendix II Australian Society Culture Susie Modesty Australians are very down to earth and always mindful of not giving the impression that they think they are better than anyone else. They value authenticity, sincerity, and loathe pretentiousness. Australians prefer people who are modest, humble, self- deprecating and with a sense of humor. They do not draw attention to their academic or other achievements and tend to distrust people who do. They often downplay their own success, which may make them appear not to be achievement- oriented. Mates Australians place a high value on relationships. How to cite Business Practice in Australia, Papers

Diamonds are my Best Friend Essay Example For Students

Diamonds are my Best Friend Essay Devils Playground Slowly the snow drifted along the sidewalks and streets as he strolled down his own path. Following no particular way but his own, he traveled. Knowing not his destination but only his outcome. His ideas were changed, his beliefs were diminished to that of nothing and his perception of reality was turned upside down. All he knew now was himself and that of his tendencies. His own nature was the only real and raw thing that he was able to hang on to. A life of mistreatment and abuse, his last actions displayed his true feelings. I should have stopped you in the womb. When I had the chance I should have taken it. YOU, were my worst mistake. LEAVE! Nobody here wants you nobody here cares for you and there is no place for you. Hide yourself somewhere and do the world a favor.His mother screamed constantly, shaming him to that of nothing but guilt of being alive. It was a common ritual in his OLD household. Then tonight, with the quick flick of a wrist and the glisten of rose red, the shaming ended. The guilt stopped. Then with two more quick and swift movements he finished off what was left to remind him of his past. What would have been witnesses were nothing more than cold and bludgeoned heaps. Ryan lived on the outskirts of the city. Wandering from house to house throughout his childhood he knew not much of the meaning of family. His parents were constantly sending him to foster families for a few weeks at a time then taking him back, only to get a few more pleasurable meetings with him. He was unwanted by all but himself and ignorant to the idea of remorse. He always knew one day, he alone, could stop all his pain and all his suffering but he wasnt concerned with that right now. In fact, the only things that crossed his mind were, Right foot, Left foot. It was all he thought of and it was all he spoke of as he walked. He carried the rose red razor in his right hand and his left was clenched tight. His knuckles as white as the snow that surrounded him. His pajama pants and white tee shirt were all he wore. No shoes to protect his feet from the harsh winter cold and snow and no hat to warm his freezing head. His skin white as ivory, he continued. The sidewalks, which he traveled, turned from the gray new and well-kept asphalt to the black torn up tar. His journey had taken him from the outskirts of the city and into the heart of downtown. His sandy blonde hair seemed to dance in the wind, the curls whipping about at his forehead. Periodically he glanced to his side staring at windows of closed department stores, viewing the displays that had been so meticulously put together. Sometimes choosing right and sometimes choosing left, he crossed streets at his own abandon. Cars laid on their horns and people yelled, but he paid no attention. Those who came close to him he turned and glared at. Those who came too close left scared and afraid for themselves and their families. Even though he said nothing it was his look. His look alone scared those of the common soul. His look alone could frighten the most holy and the most agnostic. It was that of pure and raw hatred. After traveling about 3 hours, he finally spoke. Left here, then into the alley, thank you. Left here then into the alley, thank you.What it meant, he didnt understand and he didnt care. He just followed his own instructions. .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a , .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .postImageUrl , .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a , .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a:hover , .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a:visited , .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a:active { border:0!important; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a:active , .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u934c3803685965aed4b892d27c03dc8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Journalistic integrity Essay He reached a corner near an old apartment home and turned left. The snow was now thick and layered on the ground. His pants were soaked and his tee shirt was starting to freeze. A little farther down he came upon an alley and took a right into it. There a man stood. Long black flowing trench coat with a black hat and suit and tie. He just stood there his coat unbuttoned and blowing in the wind. His head

The Dog Days free essay sample

Jasper Jones is an Australian novel written by Craig Silvey, from the opening line Craig Silvey puts the reader right in the action. Jasper Jones is written in the first person from Charlie Bucktin’s point of view, he is a teenage boy living in a country town called Corrigan. The novel starts when Jasper Jones pays Charlie an unexpected visit in the middle of the night. And the novel tells the story of how Charlie’s life changes from that moment on. Charlie’s recollection of events is shared honestly, making the story both tangible and humorous. The font cover of Jasper Jones The novel was short listed for the Miles Franklin award in 2010. Jasper Jones is a page turner a ‘whodunit’. Craig Silvey has created a tightly crafted novel and Jasper’s arrival foreshadows the beginning of the hero’s journey for Charlie. From the opening page Charlie and the reader want to know why, Jasper has come to his room in the middle of the night? The action of the story starts immediately. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dog Days or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Charlie is a teenager who has never snuck away from home, the fact that Jasper has sort him out is both thrilling and ominous. Jasper asks Charlie if he is ready! â€Å"What? Ready for what? † Jasper doesn’t give any details, â€Å"I tole you. I need your help, Come on. † Craig Silvey via his characters, raises engaging story questions to keep the reader involved. Charlie is conflicted, he tells us he is excited yet afraid, this inner conflict also adds to the drama of the first chapter, as we also get a sense of who these characters are. The scene is set in the first chapter, Charlie is following Jasper through the town, and like Charlie the reader has no idea where they are headed. Charlie describes where they are, and as he thinks the reader is introduced to the key characters in the town. Every detail raised in the opening chapter is paid off either in the first chapter or by the end of the novel. We learn about Charlie’s dreams and about the social currency of the small-minded Australian town, called Corrigan. Charlie’s thoughts give us important back story. For example they stop out the front of Mad Jack Lionel’s place, which Charlie hopes is not their destination. The reader learns about the local urban myth surrounding Mad Jack Lionel. And how to raise your social status in town- by stealing peaches from Mad Jack’s tree. This back story helps set up the story themes; of truth, courage and coming of age. Jasper Jones, explores dynamic relationships of love, friendship, loyalty and abuse. The characters are strong with a terrific commaraderie between Jeffery and Charlie. It is well worth a look, it’s not just for young adults but for adults who love reading a book that you can’t put down.

Central American Economy essays

Central American Economy essays In this paper, I will discuss about Central American economy using dependency theory. I will talk about the problems of being heavily dependent on traditional agricultural exports and maquila industry exports to the United States. Then I will suggests an alternative to export oriented economic development model. I will briefly go through Central American history and current situation, listing some problems and potential problems. To emphasize the problems, I will talk about my own experiences in Costa Rica, using "Garan" to explain maquila factory. Then I will suggest some alternative models of growth and suggest what is needed to be done. For comparison, I used Central Americas data and Japans data. Because Japan is a small country with limited resources, similar to Central American countries, Central America can learn a lot from Japan. Also I included some opinions and information from a person from the area. Central America is a region relatively untouched by the United States and other developed countries. Still its development is heavily influenced by the United States because to achieve the rapid development, Central America needs to listen to other developed countries or they would not receive any aid and other form of supports. IMF and World Bank have not really done any work in Central America because they have not seen the potential growth in this region. One critical fact about achieving steady long term growth is that a country must have a strong and steady government that citizens follow, and can retain peace. Without a strong government, any growth is fragile and a crisis awaits when a problem comes up. When talking about growth and development of one country, one needs to look at the overall economic growth as well as types of growth that this country is having. There are three important facts in order to achieve development of one country. First, the country should strive to achieve independence and...

The international criminal court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The international criminal court - Essay Example The International Criminal Court was established to provide assistance in the most complex international crime situations. The ICC is a fully independent institution that operates in accordance with the Rome Statute and aims at dealing with the most serious international crimes, including crimes against humanity. Some of the most famous cases in the ICC included the case of Milosevich and prosecutions against the political and military leaders of Congo and Uganda. Based on the principles of legitimacy, fairness, and justice, the ICC exemplifies a successful attempt to resolve the most controversial crime situations and issues at the supranational level. The ICC: purpose and structure The International Criminal Court (ICC) is fairly regarded as the central and most important body in the criminal prosecution process. It â€Å"is the first permanent, treaty based, international criminal court established to help end impunity for the perpetrators of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community† (ICC 2010). Needless to say, the ICC is primarily concerned with the crimes against humanity and their consequences. It is a fully independent organization, which has nothing to do with any of the current international humanitarian unions and organizations, including the United Nations, and operates in accordance with â€Å"the norms and principles of the Rome Statute† (ICC 2010). ... the ICC, it is one of the most successful legal courts ever created by humanity – it helps to reach and further maintains â€Å"international consensus on the most problematic definitions of war crimes, genocides, and other crimes against humanity† (ICC 2010). There is an emerging consensus that impunity in the modern society contradicts the basic principles of humanitarian activity and is simply unacceptable (ICC 2010). Following the end of the civil conflicts in Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the International Criminal Tribunal tried but failed to achieve the purpose of global justice; and it was not before 1998 that a new international court was created to support the humanity in its movement toward stability and peace. The ICC is a complex institutional body, which comprises Presidency, Judicial divisions, Office of the Prosecutor, Registry, and other offices (ICC 2010). â€Å"Although the ICC has never been a part or member of the United Nations organization, it maintains productive cooperative ties with the UN† (ICC 2010). Three Judges make up the court’s Presidency, which is primarily responsible for managing, administering, and monitoring all Court’s operations, â€Å"with the exception of the Prosecutor† (ICC 2010). â€Å"The Presidency is elected by other, fellow judges, for a three years’ term† (ICC 2010). The ICC’s current President is Sang-Huyn Song, whereas Judges Fatoumata Dembele Diarra and Hans-Peter Kaul are the first and second vice-presidents, accordingly (ICC 2010). The Court consists of the Pre-Trial, Trial, and Appeals divisions, with eighteen judges in them (ICC 2010). Each division has six judges, which are responsible for proceedings at different stages of the criminal prosecution process (ICC 2010). In its turn, the Office of the Prosecutor’s

An Exploration of Protestant Conservatism in South Korea Essay

An Exploration of Protestant Conservatism in South Korea - Essay Example The second article is â€Å"Sibling Rivalry in Twentieth Century Korea: Comparative Growth Rates of Catholics and Protestants† written by Donald Baker. The first article examines the growth of North Korean protestant church in South Korea with emphasis on Presbyterian denomination. In the article, the author Kang In- Cheol (157-190) accessed the influence of the protestant denomination and people that immigrated into South Korean republic on the prominent social political conservatism culture that has consistently defined the country from 1950s to date. South Korea has undergone profound political and social changes from 1950 that played a critical part in determining the role of the protestant church in the country. According to Kang In- Cheol (159), the major historical period that defined the protestant church influence on the country’s social political landscape was eight-year duration between liberation and the conclusion of the Korean War. During this period, Sout h Korea recorded unprecedented immigrants from the North Korea. These immigrants constituted the largest proportion of the extreme conservatives that continues to define the country’s social political climate for the last six decades. The Wolnam Protestants was the other most influential conservative group in South Korea (Kang In- Cheol, 163). According to Kang In- Cheol (167), wolnam group originated from the northwest region of Korean peninsula. The group is the most politically conservative inside the protestant church in South Korea. From the first article, it apparent that the protestant groups from North Korea have had a major influence in social political environment of south Korea since 1950s. Several factors contributed to the immense influence and control of the protestant groups from North Korea on South Korean church. According to Kang In- Cheol (185), the large sizes of the immigrant groups and their capacity to reorganize and integrate successfully within the So uth Korean society played a critical role in solidifying their conservative power in the adopted country. The immigrant protestant groups from North Korea capitalized on the growing internal conflict within the South Korean protestant churches to enhance their authority within the country’s religious structure. The ability to network and reconnect with foreign religious missionaries in South Korea enhanced the influence of incoming Protestant denominations in the country remarkably. The networking provided the Protestant Church with necessary funds for expansion and other logistical support that enhanced their appeal and influence in the South Korean society. Moreover, the â€Å"non-regional presbytery† system granted the incoming protestant churches from North Korea and other Wolnam Protestant group significant powers that enabled them solidify their influence in South Korea (Kang In- Cheol 174). Furthermore, non-regional presbytery system enhanced solidarity of the p rotestant churches within and across different protestant denominations. The above-mentioned factors promoted the social and political conservativism associated with the protestant denominations and enhanced their capacity to overcome difficult times that the church underwent when it split into different factions especially in the 1970s. The significant growth of protestant denominations in South Korea demonstrates the tremendous influence that foreign churches possess in the spread of a particular religion. Although political and social environment of the

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) Case Study

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) Case Study ABSTRACT Consanguinity in marriages can lead to many genetic abnormalities in the offsprings. The children are affected in varying degrees of severity. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome is an example of a genetic abnormality wherein there is an absence of apoptosis of lymphoproliferative cells, hence leading to enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen and associated autoimmune abnormalities. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome arises early in childhood in people who inherit mutations in genes that mediate lymphocyte apoptosis, or programed cell death. In the immune system, antigen-induced lymphocyte apoptosis maintains immune homeostasis by limiting lymphocyte accumulation and minimizing reactions against self-antigens. In autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, defective lymphocyte apoptosis manifests as chronic, nonmalignant adenopathy and splenomegaly; the expansion of an unusual population of CD4CD8T cells; and the development of autoimmune disease. Most cases of autoimmune lympho proliferative syndrome involve heterozygous mutations in the lymphocyte surface protein Fas (CD95, Apo1) that impair a major apoptotic pathway. Here, we report a case of a 10 year old child with recurrent multiple swellings in the head and neck region. Keywords Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, apoptosis, generalized lymphadenopathy INTRODUCTION Lymphadenopathy in children with no known infectious or malignant cause constitutes a challenging diagnostic dilemma. A recently described entity that deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nes some children with previously unexplained lymphadenopathy is the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). The clinical antecedents to ALPS entail various syndromes of familial chronic nonmalignant lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, including pseudomononucleosis, pseudolymphoma, and the Canale-Smith syndrome.1 Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) is a rare inherited disorder of disrupted lymphocyte homeostasis characterized by chronic splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy of early onset, hypergammaglobulinemia (Ig G and Ig A), autoimmune phenomena, and expanded populations of T cells, called double negative T-cells (DN) T cells.2 Impaired Fas-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes in vitro is a principal feature of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). It is a disorder characterized by generalized, nonmalignant lymphadenopathy,hypergammaglobulinemia, lymphocytosis, splenomegaly, and autoimmune phenomena. A distinct feature of ALPS and an early clue to its nature, is the occurrence of markedly increased numbers and percentage of T cell receptor (TCR)-ab CD42 CD82, double negative (DN) T cells in the circulation and lymphoid tissues. 3 We report the case of a patient who had come to our department with multiple swellings in the head and neck region. CASE REPORT A 10 year old male patient had come to the Department of Oral medicine and Radiology with the chief complaint of pain in the lower right back region of the jaw since a day. The patient had pain and swelling in the lower right back teeth region since a day which was moderate to severe, intermittent, aggravates on having food and relieves on its own. His past medical history revealed bilateral neck region swellings at the age of 1 and a half yrs for which he was treated with oral medications. History of developing a swelling in the axilla following BCG vaccination and was diagnosed as BCG adenitis and was treated for the same. At the age of 6 yrs he developed bilateral neck swellings for which he was referred to a pediatrician in 2009. Hematology report revealed normochromic normocytic anemia with neutrophilic lymphocytosis, FNAC of the cervical lymph node suggested necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis and was treated with oral antibiotics. At seven and a half yrs of age patient developed bilateral cervical lymphadenitis with abscess formation which lasted for 8 to 10 months which healed with scarring. Patient gives a history of a severe form of chicken pox , scars have remained all over the body. ESR was elevated at 110. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed mildly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes with mild hepatomegaly. The patient’s axillary and inguinal lymph nodes biopsy specimen was given for histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis. A report of reactive lymphadenitis was obtained. Skin biopsy of rashes on lower limbs revealed lymphocyte perivasculitis. Patient also gave a history of joint pain of his lower limbs. His HIV status was negative and his random blood sugar was within normal limits.Ultrasound of abdomen and neck done recently revealed multiple mesenteric and non necrotic cervical lymphadenopathy. On general physical examination, patient appeared malnourished, lethargic with protruded abdomen and generalized healed scars of chicken pox were also observed(Fig. 1 and 2) and scar in left inguinal region.On extraoral examination there was a well defined swelling on face on the right side extending superiorly from the mid third of the face, inferiorly to the submandibular region, mesially from the corner of the mouth and distally below the ear lobule (Fig.3). On palpation, swelling was soft to firm in consistency, tender on palpation with rise in surface temperature. On inspection of the neck, there was a diffuse swelling of the submental and submandibular lymph nodes , raising the ear lobules. On the left side of the neck lymph enlarged node seen one below the ear lobule and another on the lateral aspect of neck, associated with scar of previous biopsy (Fig. 4). On palpation, bilaterally submandibular and submental lymph nodes were palpable measuring approximately 3x3cm , firm to hard in consistency, fixed, tender on palpation and all cervical lymph nodes were palpable and tender, variable in size. On intraoral examination, on inspection there was vestibular erythema and obliteration with swelling in relation to 55 on the buccal vestibule and on palpation swelling was firm in consistency, with vestibular tenderness was elicited. On hard tissue examination, presence of mixed dentition and deep dental caries with tenderness on percussion positive with 55. The diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic periapical abscess with 55 with buccal and submandibular space infection was considered. With the history of consanguineous marriage of his parents, his younger sibling having similar and milder symptoms with BCG adenitis, generalized unexplained lymphadenopathy, severe form of chickenpox, joint pain of lower limbs and vasculitis of skin lesions and based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry reports of the lymph nodes a diagnosis of autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease was given. The treatment given to the patient was syrup naprosyn 125mg for 5 months 6ml b.d. The treatment planned for him was Fas mutation for confirmation Tab Wysolone (1mg/kg/day) with inj Methotrexate (15mg/m2 ) as a steroid sparing agent Tab Shelcal/calcitriol sachet  ½ sachet /month (50 mg/kg/day). The patient after 1 month follow up post treatment, there is no reduction in the size of lymph nodes. His blood reports revealed marked increase in the level of immunoglobulins. Presently the patient complains of inguinal pain and swelling since 6 months , which has not regressed even after treatment and he is unable to walk due to the pain. But the patient, on consequent follow up visits, General appearance of the patient has improved. (Fig. 5,). He showed decrease in the size of the lymph nodes except for residual scars of the fibrosed lymph nodes in the right lateral cervical regions. (Fig.6, 7, 8) DISCUSSION The autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare disease. ALPS is a rare inherited condition that affects both sexes. ALPS generally does not lead to death and most individuals with ALPS are able to live normal lives. ALPS is a disorder associated with abnormal lymphocyte apoptosis, lymphoproliferation, and autoimmunity. Lympho proliferation in ALPS patients is generally benign, but they are at increased risk for the development of Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It is characterized by massive lympho adenopathy, splenomegaly, autoimmunity including episodes of immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia,and neutropenia. ALPS patients have lymphocytosis and a number of lymphocyte abnormalities, including the marked expansion of T lymphocytes that express alpha/beta T-cell receptors, but neither CD4 nor CD8 surface markers (TCR alpha/beta+; CD4–; CD8– cells).4 ALPS  is subdivided into: 1) Type Ia,  ALPS  with mutant  Fas; 2) Type Ib,  lymphadenopathy  and mutation in the ligand for  Fas  in one patient with  systemic lupus erythematosus; 3) Type II,  ALPS  with mutant caspase 10; and 4) Type III,  ALPS  as yet without any defined genetic cause. 5 In type 0 disease, homozygous Fasmutations usually cause a complete deficiency of the Fas protein and a severe form of the disease.In ALPS type I, heterozygousFasmutations (ALPS type Ia)or, more rarely, heterozygous mutations in the gene for Fas ligand (ALPS type Ib)are usually associated with a partial defect in apoptosis mediated by Fas and its ligand. ALPS type II, which is characterized by resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis despite the presence of normal Fas ligand and Fas, with caspase 10 mutations. In ALPS type III, Fas-mediated apoptosis is also normal,and the genetic defect is unclear. Patients with ALPS type III may not have all four classic features of the syndrome — lymphoproliferation, excessive numbers of double-negative T cells, hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoimmune manifestations. Many cases of ALPS type III are sporadic, precluding the use of a genetic approach to identify the molecular defect 6 A study done by Michael Sneller et al 7 to study the lymphocyte apoptosis, revealed that ALPS was identified in 9 unrelated individuals with moderate to massive spleenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, hypergammaglobulinemia and autoimmunity, B cell lymphocytosis and an increase in the population of D4/CD8 T cells. All these findings coorelated to our case in which there were similar findings. Somatic heterozygous mutations of Fas can cause a sporadic form of ALPS by allowing lymphoid precursors to resist the normal process of cell death. as (also called apo-1 and cd95) is a cell-surface receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily (Fas is the sixth member, TNFRSF6). Fas initiates a cascade of events within the cell that culminates in the death of the cell (apoptosis). This process involves the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex, consisting mainly of the Fas associated death domain and the caspase 8 and caspase 10 proteins. The constellation of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and autoimmune cytopenia, however, was described by Canale and Smith in 1967, Weisdorf and Krivit and others noted that similar patients had decreased proportions or function of lymphocyte subsets.8 This heterozygous dominant mutations of Fas were found in children with the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS),which is also known as the Canaleâ₠¬â€œSmith syndrome. 4 ALPS manifestations usually appear in the first 5 years of life (median onset at 3.5 years). The most frequent presentation of ALPS is a benign lymphoproliferation limited to lymphoid organs.9 Enlargement of spleen and lymph nodes is the most prominent feature of the lymphoproliferation in nearly all ALPS patients. Autoimmunity is the second most salient feature of ALPS. Autoimmune cytopenias account for more than 80% of the autoimmune manifestations and are, essentially, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and, sometimes, neutropenia.9 Fas and FasL are members of two superfamilies of complementary receptors and ligands that are important in immune regulation. These membrane-spanning receptors have 20%-25% amino acid identity and contain variable numbers of extra- cellular cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) regions approximately 40 amino acids in length with six cysteine residues in conserved positions. There are four CRDs in the p55 TNFR and three in the Fas protein. These two receptors share a 70 amino acid intracellular death domain that transduces signals for cell death.10 CONCLUSION The diagnosis and management of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) remains a challenge to the oral diagnostician. Knowledge of immunological aspects of oral diseases is a new frontier for any oral healthcare professional. These patients require prompt treatment and long term follow-up, by multiple specialists that are familiar with ALPS. It is imperative that all cases with oral manifestations are reported. The diagnosis of Autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorder should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnosis in a patient with generalized lymphadenopathy with the history of consanguinous marriage in the family. This case report is one more effort in this direction.

Coleman Hawkins

The 20’s were a turning point in the history of music, which coincides with a turning point in the mindset of African Americans, especially in large cities like New York. The black entertainment industry, up until now, had always been a white mans exhibition of the Negro for white audiences (Cooper). The Harlem renaissance and the idea of the ‘New Negro’ was a precursor for a wave of African American musicians and songwriters who would not be restricted to the same conventions which their predecessors were.Coleman Hawkins learned to play the piano at the age of 5, and two years later he moved on to the cello. At 9 he learned the saxophone and by the time he was twelve he was playing in the Kansas City Theatre Pit Band. Which black musician was most frequently broadcasted throughout the 1920’s?  Coleman Hawkins first inserted himself into the Jazz scene in 1921, at the very beginning of the Jazz age and the roaring 20’s. He played alongside the trav elling blues and vaudeville star, Mamie Smith. After playing this background role for 2 years, he joined Fletcher Henderson’s Orchestra.This would reinvent Coleman Hawkins as a lead soloist and a big star of American jazz, a title that he retained for more than 40 years (Yanow). Hawkins should be included in this course because he was a major part of the swing jazz and big band movement, both in America and Europe, while reinventing the tenor saxophone as a Jazz instrument and an art form. His single, ‘Body and Soul’, was not only outrageously popular, but did so while defying many of the swing conventions of jazz music at the time.He was also one of the pioneers of early bebop and was a huge influence on later musicians such as John Coltrane and sonny Rollins. Fletcher Henderson’s Orchestra was one of the most popular and influential ‘Hot Jazz’ bands of the 20’s, and Coleman Hawkins was a full time member for 11 years and was considere d the centerpiece of the band (Oxford). Their home was the Roseland Ballroom. This dance club would later be known as the best dance club in New York. (Oxford). They also frequented the Savoy Ballroom, the most popular Black and Tan dance club in New York.This club was influential because it was a mixed race club where both blacks and whites came to dance, and racial differences were largely left at the door. â€Å"The Savoy was a building, a geographic place, a ballroom, and the soul of a neighborhood. It personified a community and an era, and became a monument to the music and dance of ‘swing’† (Engelbrecht 3). Fletcher Henderson and his Orchestra were likely the most influential swing group of the 1920’s. One measurement of this is how often Henderson and his band were recorded and broadcasted. Henderson was the most frequently recorded black musician in the first decade of Jazz’s recorded history† (Magee 8). Jeffrey Magee also notes that his highest frequency of recordings took place between 1923-1927. During this time period Coleman Hawkins was a permanent member of Henderson’s Orchestra. â€Å"The Bands instrumental star was definitely Hawkins† (Chilton 26). In the years before and after Louis Armstrong was part of Henderson’s Orchestra, Hawkins was the main soloist. â€Å"Louis influenced the band greatly by making the men swing-conscious with that New Orleans style of his.That same effect that Hawkins had on reeds, that right down-to-earth swing, with punch and bounce† (Fletcher Henderson). Coleman Hawkins had a unique style of improvisation on the tenor saxophone, which was copied by almost all tenors after Hawkins got big in the New York jazz scene. Coleman Hawkins style of playing the Tenor saxophone was his own, and was almost entirely different from anything previously heard on the tenor sax, which, in the early 20’s was still primarily a marching band instrument. Hawkins arrived at his own [Musical] style without apparently being heavily influenced by anyone in particular†(Chilton 18). Hawkins, who is widely known as a modest and unassuming man (Chilton 27), made a statement saying that, â€Å"I guess its true that I introduced a new style, a new way of playing tenor. I had a much heavier tongue, for one thing, than most of the others, and their tone was kind of thin†(Chilton 27). However, Hawkins improvisational style was not a fixed entity. He strived to move away from the bad habit of ‘slap tonging’, and began to experiment with less conventional soloing techniques. Hawkins was beginning to experiment successfully with the use of 9th chords and augmented runs as part of his improvisations, often showing his confidence by including ‘surprising notes’. †(Chilton 34). Hawkins began to put a European emphasis on his improvisations in his emphasis of the weak and strong beats (Williams 8). During the 20â₠¬â„¢s Hawkins was the top tenor saxophonist in New York, and many young sax players copied his smooth and often atonic style. â€Å"Bud Freeman was about the only tenor who didn’t sound like a replica of the hard-toned Hawkins†(Yanow).Although Coleman’s style became outdated by the 50’s with the entrance of revolutionary tenor saxophonist Lester Young (Yanow), his style was still a huge stepping stone in the history of improvisational Jazz. â€Å"Jazz improvisation has travelled a long road of development†¦This evolution [was] instigated by the titans of jazz history of the last 40 odd years: Louis Armstrong, Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young†¦etc†. Hawkins added much of his own creative musical input to his music and to the 1920’s Jazz scene in New York. Adolphe Sax invented the Tenor sax for the purpose of being a military band instrument.As the tenor sax migrated to middle class America it was adopted as a marching band instrument. Coleman Hawkins was the first musician to play jazz on the Tenor sax, and he was certainly not the last (Yanow). â€Å"The prelude to jazz tenor saxophone originates from the Wilbur Sweatman Orchestra. The sound quality is quite primitive†¦there seem to be no tenor sax solos† (Evensmo 11). Sweatman’s orchestra played prearranged music, leaving no room for improvisation, which means that their music cannot be called jazz, and falls into the category of ragtime, which is largely prearranged.Therefore, when Coleman Hawkins joined Fletcher Henderson’s orchestra, the jazz tenor saxophone was created (Evensmo 11). Since that point, there has been a plethora of tenor saxophonist’s in jazz. Many, like Coltrane and Sonny Rollins would become extremely influential jazz musicians of the bebop era. Body and Soul was Coleman Hawkins’ most influential song, and also marked a turning point in Jazz (Moore). The song was a commercial success and was enormously popular among jazz audiences(Moore), however, critics also recognize the song as a musical and improvisational masterpiece. Right away, the Hawkins version of â€Å"Body and Soul† became one of the essential documents of jazz. It was not only a hit on jukeboxes until the 1950s, but also a textbook lesson in ballad playing. †(Moore). The song ‘Body and Soul’ was originally a Tin Pan Alley hit, and was covered by various artists before Coleman Hawkins. The rhythm section in the song is very understated, and the songs chorus is played twice through while Hawkins improvises (oxford). The nature of Hawks solo is what makes this song a masterpiece. In Body and Soul, Hawkins did not use standard blues riffing, hich collects each part of the solo into even, neat sections. Instead Hawkins toyed with â€Å"Sharp cornered phrases and endless lines that were the jazz equivalent of run on sentences†. Apart from the first 4 bars, Hawkins only rarely alludes to th e melody of the original song. Instead he essentially left his solo entirely free form, which was relatively uncommon at the time in swing music1. â€Å"He danced at the upper extremes of chords, foreshadowing the altered harmonies that later were so important to bebop. But he was hardly academic. His spry, seductive tone gave every phrase an unmistakable passion. 1. Body and Soul was not only a masterpiece, it also hinted at the beginning of a new era in jazz. â€Å"When the record first came out, well, everybody said I was playing the wrong notes. It was funny to me†1. This recording was a step for jazz towards a more free form, atonic, and creative art form called bop. The remarkable thing is that Hawkins made this step while retaining mass appeal. In the 40’s and 50’s bop began to replace swing as the main popular form of jazz, although it took on a distinctively different role as a counterculture art form.Most swing musicians resented this new, edgy jazz, but Hawkins encouraged it to such a large extent that he made an effort to systematically employ and collaborate with all of the up and coming jazz artists. â€Å"Unlike others of his generation, whose attitude towards bop ranged from resentment to hostility to bemused indifference, Hawkins championed the music, earning him a degree of loyalty† 2. Hawkins was a role model to young bebop prodigies such as Kenny Clarke, Oscar Pettiford, Fats Navarro, Max Roach and especially Thelonious Monk, who remained a lifelong friend of Hawkins till his death2.It was not that these new up and coming jazz artists were looking to model their musical style after Hawkins’. Rather, they looked at Hawkins commitment to improvisation and craftsmanship and the extraordinary achievements that he’d made, being a wealthy, self made black musician in mid-century America. A 1946 recording session called ‘Bean and the Boys’; which included Fats Navarro, Milt Jackson and Max Ro ach; paid tribute to Hawkins relationship with his young proteges2. In 1944 Hawkins was involved with what is known as the first bop recording session with Dizzy Gillespie and Don Byas3.Although this classification may be somewhat arbitrary, there is no doubt that Hawkins was hugely important to early bop. His 1948 recording ‘Picasso’, a 3 minute tenor sax solo with no supporting instruments, was a creative step for jazz as the first unaccompanied sax solo recorded3. In this recording Hawkins expanded on many of musical ideas, which he pioneered in ‘Body and Soul’, and by taking out the rhythm section Hawkins is able to play an even more ‘free form’ solo which is not locked into a time signature or rhythmic scheme4.Although Hawkins was not himself part of the bop generation, he certainly was an instigator and a catalyst of the bebop revolution. â€Å"The Peculiar combination of personal traits and musical abilities that marked Hawkins – steely ambition, a strong intellect, and virtuosity – characterized the bebop revolution†1. At the start of the 1950’s, Lester Young had become a much bigger influence on young tenor saxophone players than Coleman Hawkins was. However, Hawkins stuck to his melodic, edgy style of improvising and continued to play with various bands including a quintet with Roy Elridge.Around this time Hawkins image and influence went through a resurgence period, when Sonny Rollins, the up and coming bebop tenor saxophonist, claimed that Hawkins was his main musical influence1. In an interview Rollins said, â€Å"Coleman Hawkins had a more intellectual approach maybe to music. He played a lot of very difficult things. So he became my idol†2. Like Hawkins, Rollins went on to have a long, successful career, which was characterized by many of the same qualities that Hawkins possessed.Listening to Rollins and Hawkins recordings side by side displays the distinct influence that Hawk had on Rollins. Sonny has a distinctive style of swing that takes elements from the 1930’s Harlem sound that Hawkins was a part of and Rollins grew up with3. However, similar to Hawkins, Rollins style did evolve greatly over his career. â€Å"Rollins has a seemingly bottomless reservoir of musical knowledge (ranging from jazz standards and pop, to folk songs and classical music)†3.The most important trait, which was passed on from one tenor sax great to another, was the truly progressive nature of jazz. â€Å"Coleman Hawkins†, Sonny Rollins said recently, â€Å"was of [jazz’s] most prominent ‘Role Models’: The prototypical progressive jazz musician. Coleman Hawkins was the foremost tenor sax player of the 20’s and 30’s, and played with some of the most influential bands and musicians of the swing era1. Fletcher Henderson’s band was likely the most influential group of musicians to affect the 1920’s swing danc e craze, and Hawkins played a prominent role in the orchestra2.In1934 he left America for Europe as the one of the most prominent swing musicians in New York3. He came back 5 years later to find that nothing had changed in the New York jazz scene. He went on to cut his most beautiful and influential record, Body and Soul3. In his later years, when jazz began to change around him he did not resist. He encouraged the change and allowed his own musical style to develop as well4. The one thing that remained true for Coleman Hawkins throughout his career was his commitment to jazz as a malleable and ever-changing entity.At the beginning of his career we see this when he â€Å"rescued the tenor saxophone from the oblivion of the circus†5 and turned it into an art form, and we see it in his later years when he passes on these same ideals to the next generation of jazz. He was ‘the King of the Tenor Saxaphone’, and was an extraordinary influence to the evolution of jazz. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Moon 2 Deveaux 38 [ 2 ]. Deveaux, 39 2 Deveaux, 38 3 Yanow 4Oxford [ 3 ]. Yanow 2 http://www. achievement. org/autodoc/printmember/rol0int-1 3 Carroll [ 4 ]. Magee 7 2 Chilton 23 3 Moon 4 Deveaux 39 5 Chilton 45

Conflicts of Law Course Outline

2011 CONFLICT OF LAWS COURSE OUTLINE AND READING MATERIALS Books: Morris, The Conflict of Laws (3 ed. ) 1984 Cheshire and North, Private International law (11 ed. ) 1987 Collier, Conflict of Laws (1988) Reference: Dicey and Morris, Conflict of Laws (11 ed. ) 1987 Casebook: Morris and North, Cases and Materials on Private International Law (1984) Other works: Anton, Private International Law (of Scotland) 1967. Cook, Logical and Legal Bases of the Conflict of Laws (1942) ; Graveson, The Conflict of Laws (7 ed. ) 1974; Wolff, Private International Law (2 ed. ) 1950. INTRODUCTION 1. Nature and Scope of the Subject Morris Ch. 1 (and 34), Cheshire Ch. 1 Collier, Ch. 1, 2, 21, 22 Anton Ch. 2. Mehrunnissa v Parves (1981) KLR 547 2. Reasons for the basis of the Conflict of Laws: Theories: Territoriality, Vested Rights, Comity, Local Law; see Davies (1937) 18 BYIL 49. Slater v Mexican National Rly 194 US 120, 126 (1904) Loucks v Standard Oil Co. of NY. 224 N. Y. 99 (1918). JURISDICTION 1. Preliminary Issues Patel v Singh (No 2) (1987) KLR 585 2. Common Law Position Morris Ch. 6; Cheshire, Chs. 10,11; Collier Ch. 6; Dicey, Ch. 11. (a)Presence, Submission, Effectiveness Colt Industries v Sarlie (No. ) (1966) 1 W. L. R. 440; Maharanee of Baroda v Wildenstein (1972) 2 Q. B. 282; Re Dulles (1951) Ch. 842; Manta Line v Sofianites (1984) 1 L1. R. 14. Union Bank of M. E. v Clapham (1981) â€Å"Times†, 20 July. Obikoya v Silvernorth (1983) â€Å"Times† 6 July The Messianiki Tolmi (1984) 1L1. R. 266 Williams & Glyn`s v Astro Dinamico (1984) 1 All E. R. 760. Kanti v South British Ins. Co. Ltd. (1981) K. L. R. 1 (b)Limitations Cheshire Ch. 13 British South Africa Co v Companhia de Mocambique (1893) A. C 602 Mackinnon v Donaldson Lufkin and Jenrette Securities Corpn. (1986) 1 All E. R. 563 Ministry of Defence of the Govt of UK v Ndegwa (1983) K. L. R 68 (c)Staying of Actions Morris, Ch. 8; Cheshire Ch. 12; Collier Ch. 7; Dicey Ch. 13. (i)General St. Pierre v South American Stores (1936)1 K. B. 382, at 398; Logan v Bank of Scotland (No. 2) (1906) 1 K. B. 141; Egbert v Short (1907) 2 Ch 205; Re Norton`s Settlement (1908) 1 Ch. 471. Maharanee of Baroda v Wildenstein (1972) 2 . Q. B. 283; The Atlantic Star (1974) A. C. 436; McShannon v Rockware Glass (1978) A. C. 795; The Wladslaw Lokictek (1978) 2 L1. R. 520. The Wellamo (1980) 2 L1. R. 229. European Asian Bank v Punjab & Sind Bank (1981) 2 L1. R. 65. Coupland v Arabian Gulf Petroleum (1983) 2 All E. R. 436 (1983) 1 W. L. R. 1136 The Abidin Daver (1984) A. C. 398 The Jalakrishna (1983) 2 L1. R. 628. The Traugutt (1985) 1 L1. R. 76; The Forum Craftsmen (1985) 1 L1. R. 291. Spiliada v Cansulex (1987) A. C. 460. E. I. Pont de Nemours v Agnew (1987) 2 L1. R. 585; De Dampierre v de Dampierre (1988) A. C. 92. Ocean Sun v Fay (1988) 29 A. L. R. 9. The Francois Vieljeux (1982-88) 1 KAR 398, (1984) K. L. R.. 1 United India Insurance Company and Kenindia Insurance Companyv E. A Underwriter &Anor (1982-88) 1 KAR 639, ((1985) K. L. R 898 (ii)Lis Alibi Pendens St . Pierre v South American Stores (above); McHenry v Lewis (1882) 22 Ch. D. 397; Cohen v Rothfield (1919) 1 K. B. 410; Ionian Bank v Coouvreur (1969) 1 W. L. R. 781; The Christianborg (1885) 10 P. D. 141; The Atlantic Star (1974) A. C. 436. Bushby v Munday (1821) 5 Madd. 297; Orr-Lewis v O-L (1949) P. 347; Sealy (orse. Callan) v Callan (1953) P. 135. The Tyllie Lykes (1977) 1 L1. R. 436 Castanho v Brown & Root (1981) A. C. 557; The Abidin Daver (1984) A. C. 398; Metall und Rohstoff v ACLI Metals (1984) 1 L1. R. 598; Societe N. I. Aerospitiale v Lee Kui Jak (1987) A. C. 871; South Carolina v Ass. de Zeven Provincien (1987) A. C. 24; Meadows Insurance v Ins. Corp. of Ireland (1989) 2 L1. R. 298; Pont de Nemours v Agnew (1988) 2 L1. R. 240; A-G v Arthur Anderson (1988) `Independent` 31 March (iii)Submission to Foreign Arbitration or Foreign Court Arbitration Act (Act N0. 4 of 1995)); Law v Garret (1878) 8 Ch. D. 26 ; The Fehmarn (1958) 1 W. L. R. 159; Mackender v Feldia (1967) 2 Q. B. 590; The Eleftheria (1970) P. 94; Evans Marshall v Bertola (1973) 1 W. L. R. 349. The Vishva Prabha (1979) 2 L. 1. Rep. 286. Carvalho v Hull Blyth (1979) 1 W. L. R. 1228. The El Amria (1980) 1 L1. R. 39; The Kislovodsk (1980) 1 L1. R. 183; Trendex v Credit Suisse (1982) A. C. 679; The Biskra (1983) 2 L1. R. 59; The Hollandia (1983) A. C. 565; The Benarty (1985) Q. B. 325. The Atlantic Song (1983) 2 L1. R. 394. Kisumuwaalla Oil Industries and PanAsiatic Commodities Pte Ltd v E. A. Storage Company Ltd Civil Appeal No 100 of 1995 Naizsons (K) Ltd v China Road and Bridge Corp (Kenya) (2001) 2 E. A. 502 Friendship Container Manufacturers Ltd. v Mitchell Cotts (K) Ltd (2001 2 E. A. 38 Tononoka Steels Ltd v The Eastern ans Souther Africa Development Bank 2 (2000) E. A. 536 Indigo E. P. Z. Ltd v. The P. T. A Bank (2002) 1K. L. R. 811 Raytheon Aircraft Credit Corpn & Anor v Air Al-Faray Ltd (2005) eKLR (iv)Proceedings abroad Settlement Corpn. v Hochschild (1966) Ch. 10; Smith Kline & French v Bloch (1983) 1 W. L. R. 730; Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale v Lee Ku i Jak (1987) 3 All. E. R. 510 British Airways v Laker Airways (1985) A. C. 58; Smith Kline & Bloch (No. 2) (1984) `Times` 14 Nov; Midland Bank v Laker Airways (1986) 1 All E. R. 526. 3. Statutory Position Service out of the jurisdiction under Civil Procedure Rules only with leave of the court: Order V Rule 21 a) General Principles: The Hagen (1908) P. 189; GAF v Amchen (1975) 1 L1. R. 601: Amin Rasheed v Kuwait Insurance (1984) A. C. 50: Spiliada Maritime v Cansulex (1987) A. C. 460. Mackender v Feldia (1967) 2 Q. B. 590; Evans Marshall v Bertola (1973) 1 W. L. R. 349; Attock Cement v Romanian Bank (1989) 1 W. L. R. 1147; Matthews v Kuwait Bechtel (1959) 2 Q. B. 57. b) Domicile: Re Liddell`s ST (1936) Ch. 365. (Ord 11, rule 4) c) Injunction: Rosler v Hilbery (1925) Ch. 250: The Siskina (1979) A. C. 210(CJ and J Act 1982 s. 25 ). X v Y and Y Republic of Haiti v Duvalier (1990) Q. B. 202. d) Necessary or proper party: Chancy v Murphy (1948) W. N. 130 Witted v Galbraith (1949) A. C. 326; The Brabo (1949) A. C. 326 Multinational Gas v M. G. Services (1983) 3 W. L. R. 492. Qatar Petroleum v Shell (1983) L1. R. 35. e) Contract: Finnish Marine v Protective Ins. (1990) 2 W. L. R. 914; Hutton v Moffarij (1989) 1 W. L. R. 488; Entores v Miles Far East Corporation (1955) 2 Q. B. 327: Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl (1982) 2 A. C. 34 Islamic Arab Insurance v Saudi Egyptian (1987) 1 L. R. 315; National Mortgage Co of NZ v Gosselin (1922) 38 T. L. R. 382; See cases on proper law of contract, esp. Amin Rasheed v Kuwait Insurance (1984) A. C. 50; The Magnum (1988) 1 L1. R. 47; The Chapparal (1968) 2 L1. R. 158; Johnson v Taylor (1920) A. C. 144: f) Tort: Handelskwerkerij be Bier v Mines de Potasse. (1978) Q. B. 708 Metall u Rohstoff v Donaldson Lufkin (1990) Q. B. 391. g) Land: Agnew v Ussher (1884) 14 Q. B. D. 78; Kaye v Sutherland (1887) 20 Q. B. D. 147: Tassel v Hallen (1892) 1 Q. B. 321: Official Reciever v Stype (1983) 1 W. L. R. 214. (h)Trusts: i)Administration of estates, probate: (j)Enforcement of judgement and awards 4. Brussels Convention (a)Objectives; comparison with common law: Berisford v New Hampshire (1990) 2 All E. R. 321; Arkwright v Bryanston (1990) 2 All E. R 335. Owusu v Jackson and Others Case C-128/01 Cheshire, Chs. 14, 16; Collier Ch. 9; Dicey, Chs. 11, 14. Part I. b) Interpretation: (Reference to European Court: arts 2, 3) LTU v Eurocontrol (1 976) ECR 1561; Bavaria & Germania v Eurocontrol (1977) ECR 1517; Netherlands v Ruffer (1980) ECR 3807; Gourdain v Nadler (1979) ECR 733; Bertrand v Ott (1978) ECR 1431; Somafer v Saar-Ferngas (1978) ECR 2183; Industrial Diamond Supplies v Riva (1977) ECR 2175; Duijnstee v Goderbauer (1983) ECR 3663; . Tessili v Dunlop (1976) ECR 1473. c) Sphere of application: civil and commercial matters (art. 1): LTU v Eurocontrol; Bavaria and Germania v Eurocontrol; Netherlands v Ruffer. Exceptions: De cavel v De C. (No. 1) (1979) ECR 105; (No. 2) (1980) ECR 731; W v H (1982) ECR 1189; see also The Deichland (1990) Q. B. 361. d) Jurisdiction (Arts 2-23): i) General rule: domicile of defendant (art 2); definition: (arts 2-3 The Deichland (1989) 3 W. L. R. 478 i) Special (concurrent) jurisdiction (Arts. 5-6) especially 1. Contract: place of performance of obligation: Effer v Kantner (1982) ECR 825; De Bloos v Bouyer (1976) ECR 1473; Ivenel v Schwab (1982) ECR 1891 Zelger v Salinitri (1980) ECR 89; Martin Peters v Zuid Nederlandsche (1983) ECR 987; Shenavai v Kreischer (1987) 3 C. M. L. R. 782 Tesam v Shuh Mode (1989) `Times` 24 October; Medway v Meurer (1990) `Time s` 7 May 2. Tort: where the harmful event occurred: Netherlands v Ruffer (1980) ECR 3807 at 3833; Kalfelis v Schroder (1988) `Times` 5 October; Bier v Mines de Potasse (1976) ECR 1735, (1978) Q. B. 708. Minister Investments v Hyundai (1988) 2 L1. R. 621 3. Branch, agency etc: Somafer v Sarr-Ferngas (1978) ECR 2183; De Bloos v Bouyer; Blanckaert & Willems v Trost (1981) ECR 819; Sar Schotte v Parfums Rothschild (1988) `Times`12 January. 4. Insurance (arts. 7-12); Consumer Contracts (arts. 13-15); Bertrand v Ott (1978) ECR 1431. iii) Exclusive jurisdiction (art 16) especially: 1. Immovables: Sanders v Van der Putte (1977) ECR 2383 Roessler v Rottwinkel (1985) CMLR. 806; Scherrens v Maenhout (1988) `Times` 5 September. 2. Companies or Legal Persons 3. Enforcement of judgment iv) Submission v) Contractual agreement (art 17). Elefanten Schuh v Jacqmain (1981) 1671;. Meeth v Glacetal (1978) ECR 2133; Salotti v Ruwa (1976) ECR 1831; Segoura v Bonakdarian, 1976 ECR 1851; Iveco Fiat v Van Hool (1988) 1 CMLR. 5757; Anterist v Credit Lyonnais (1987) 1 CMLR 333. National Law: Sanicentral v Collin (1979) ECR 3423 ; Ms Tilly Russ v Haven (1985) 3 W. L. R. 179; Other submission (art. 18) Elefanten Schuh v Jacqmain; Rohr v Ossberger (1981) ECR 2431; W v H (1982) ECR 1189; Gerling v Tesoro (1983) ECR 2503; Berghoefer v A. S. A. (1986) 1 CMLR 13; The Sidney Express (1988) 2 L1. R. 257. vi) Scrutiny of jurisdiction and admissibility (arts. 19-20) ii) Lis pendens – related action (arts. 21-23) The Nordglimt (198) Q. B. 183; The Linda (1988) 1 L1. R. 175; Gubisch Maschinenfabrik v Palumbo (1988) `Times` 12 January; Kloeckner v Gatoil (1990) 1 L1. R. 177; Berisford v New Hampshire; (1990) 2 All E. R. 335. viii) Provisional and protective measures (art. 24) CHOICE OF LAW 1. General Considerations Reading list: Kahn- Freund, General Problems of Private International Law Leyden, 1976 and 1980, 89-101 Wolff, Private International Law, 2nd ed, 96ff. Forsyyth, Private Interational Law, (first edition) Juta & co, 1981, 5-7. (2nd edition, 1989, pages 4-8) a)The History of the choice of law rule Lipstein, `Principles of the conflict of laws, National and International’ 1981, 1-46. Cheshire, op cit, chapter 2. Kahn-Freund, op cit, 97-101 Forsyth, 20-57. (b)Pleading Foreign Law The Evidence Act, section 60 A. G. of New Zealand v Ortiz (1984) A. C. 1 Vervaeke v Smith (1983) 1 A. C. 145 (c) Renvoi Kahn-Freund, op cit, 285-291. Anton, 55ff Morris, 469-480 Cheshire, 57ff Forsyth, 68-78. Munro, `The Magic Roundabout of Conflict of Laws’ 1978 Juridicial Review 65 Hicks, `The Lair Paradox in Legal Reasoning’ 1971 CLJ 275 at 284 and 289. In re Annesley: Davidson v Annesley [1926] ch 692 In re Ross, Ross v Waterfield [1930] 1 ch 377 Collier v Rivaz (1841) 2 Curt 855 Re Askew [1930] 2 ch 259 Re O’Keefe [1949] ch 124 Re Trufort (1887) 36 ch D 600 R v Brentwood Superintendent Registrar of Marriages, ex parte Arias [1968] 2 QB 956 Amin Rasheed Shipping Corporation v Kuwait Insurance Co [1984] AC 50 (d)The incidental question Kahn- Freund, op cit, 291-294. Morris, op cit, 489-492. Cheshire, Private International Law, 53ff. Forsyth, op cit, 2nd ed, 78-81. Gotlieb, `The incidental question revisited- theory and practise in the conflict of Laws’ (1977) 26 ICLQ 734. Schwebel v Ungar (1926) 42DLR (2d) 622 affd (1964) 48 DLR (2d) 644 Lawrence v Lawrence [1985] Fam 106 (e) Characterisation Kahn-Freund, op cit, 223-241 Cheshire, op cit, 43-52. Morris, op cit, 481-488 Falconbridge `Conflicts Rule and Characterization of Question’ (1952) 30 Canadian Bar Review 103 and 264. Anton,op cit 43ff Forsyth, op cit. , 59-69 Forsyth, `Extinctive Prescription and the Lex Fori’ (1982)99 SALJ 16 Forsyth, `Characterization etc’ (1987) 104 SALJ 4 Bennett, `Cumulation and Gap: Are they systemic defects in the conflict of Laws? ’ (1988) 105 SALJ 444 Ogden v Ogden [1908] p 46 Huber v Steiner (1835) 2 Bing NC 202 Re Maldonado [1954] p 223 Re Cohn [1945] ch 5 In re State of Norway’s Application (No 2) [1989] 1 ALL ER 701 (CA) and 745 (HL) (f)Domicile and Residence Morris, Ch. 2; Cheshire Ch. 9; Collier, Ch. 5; Dicey Ch. 7. Law of Domicil Act Cap 37 (i)Definition Whicker v Hume (1858) 7 H. L. C. 124; Gatty v A-G. (1951) P. 144; Udny v Udny (1869) L. R. 1 Sc. & D. 441; Re Annesly (1926) Ch. 692. (ii)Domicile of Origin Udny v U. ; Urquhart v Butterfield (1887) 37 Ch. D. 357; Re McKenzie (1951) 51 S. R. N. S. W. 293; Henderson v H (1967) P. 77; Re Jones 192 Iowa 78 (1921). (iii)Domicile of Choice Schiratti v Schiratti (1978) K. L. R 128; White v Tennant 31 W, Va. 790 (1888) ; Re Fuld (No. 3) (1968) P. 675; Bell v Kennedy (1868) L. R. 1 Sc. Div. 307; Winans v A-G (1904) A. C. 287; Ramsey v Royal Liverpool Infirmary (1930) A. C. 588; Ross v Ross (1930) A. C. 1; Buswell v I. R. C. (1974) 1 W. L. R. 1631; I. R. C. v Bullock (1976) 1 W. L. R. 1178. Puttick v A. G. (1980) Fam. 1. Re Furse (1980) 3 All E. R. 838. Brown v B. (1982) 3 F. L. R. 212; Re Clore (1984) S. T. C. 609; Cramer v C (1987) 1 F. L. R. 116; IRC v Plummer (1988) 1 W. L. R. 292; Re Lloyd Evans (1947) Ch 695; Tee v Tee (1973) 3 All. E. R. 1105 iii) Special Cases 1. Naturalisation: Wahl v A-G. (1932) 147 L. T. 382; Re Fuld. 2. Deportees: Boldirini v B. (1932) P. 9; May v May (1943) 2 All E. R. 146; Szechter v S. (1971) P. 286; Zanelli v Z (1948) 64 T. L. R. 556; Cruh v C (1945) 2 All E. R. 545. 3. Fugitives and Refugees: Re Martin (1900) P. 211; De Bonneval v D. B. (1838) 1 Curt. 856; Re Lloyd-Evans (1947) Ch. 695; May v M. 4. Invalids: Hoskins v Matthews (1855) 8 D. M. & G. 13; Re James (1908) 98 L. T. 438. 5. Servicemen: Sellars v S. 1942 S. C. 206; Donaldson v D. (1949) P. 363; Cruishanks v C. (1957) 1 All E. R. 889; Stone v S. (1958) 1 W. L. R. 1287. 6. Abandonment: In b. Raffenel (1863) 3 S. W. & Tr. 49; Zannelli v Z. ; b (1968) 1 ALL E. R. 49; Tee v Tee (1974) 1 W. L. R. 213. (iv)Domicile of Dependancy (see 37 M. L. R. 179) 1. Married Women: A-G. for Alberta v Cook (1926) A. C. 444; Re Scullard (1957) Ch. 107; Domicile and Matrimonnial Proceedings Act 1973, s. 1. Puttick v A-G (1980) Fam. 1. Oundian v O. (1980) Fam. L. R. 198. IRC v Portland (1982) Ch. 314. 2. Children: Johnstone v Beattie (1843) 10 Cl. & F. 42; Harrison v H. (1953) 1 W. L. R. 865; Potinger v Wightman (1817) 3 Mer. 67; Re Beaumont (1893) 3 Ch. 490; Hope v H. (1968) N. Ir. 1; Shanks v S. 1965 S. L. T. 330; Domicile Act, 1973 ss. 3, 4. 3. Insane Persons: Urquhart v Butterfield; Crumpton`s Judicial Factor v Finch-Noyes 1918 S. C. 378; Sharpe v Crispin (1860) L. R. 1 P. D. 611 (v)Residence 1. Habitual Residence: Cruse v Chittum (1974) 2 All E. R. 940; 24 I. C. L. Q. 1. ; Kapur v K. (1984) F. L. R. 920. 2. Ordinary Residence: Levene v I. R. C. (1928) A. C. 217; Hopkins v H. (1951) P. 116; Stransky v S. (1954) P. 248; Lewis v L. (1956) 1 W. L. R. 200. Re P (GE) (An Infant) (1965) Ch. 568. R v Barnet L. B. C. ex. P. Nilish Shah (1983) 2 A. C. 309. (vi)Corporations 1. Status National Bank of Greece and Anthens v Metliss (1958) A. C. 509; Adams v National Bank of Greece S. A. (1961) A. C. 225. 2. Domicile and Residence Ridsdon Iron and Locomotive Works v Furness (1906) 1 K. B. 49; Cesena Sulphur Co. v Nicholson (1876) 1 Ex. D. 428; De Beers Consolidated v Howe (1906) A. C. 455; Egyptian Delta Land & Co. v Todd (1929) A. C. 1; Swedish Central Rly v Thompson (1925) A. C. 495; Unit Construction Co. v Bullock (1960) A. C. 351; Gasque v I. R. C. (1940) 2 K. B. 80;. Shah v Barnet London Borough Council (1983) 1 All. E. R. 226; Kapur v Kapur (1985) Fam Law. Rep. 22 2. Substantive Choice of Law Rules (a)Marriage Bishop, `Choice of Law of Impotence and Wilful Refusal`, (1978) 41 MLR 512. Carter, `Capacity to Remarry After Foreign Divorce`, (1985) 101 LQR 496. Fentiman, `The Validity of marriage and the Proper Law`, (1985) CLJ 256. Hartley, `Polygamy and Social Policy`, (1969) 32 MLR 155; `The Policy Basis of the English Conflict of Laws of Marriage`, (1972) 35 MLR 571. Jaffey, `The Essential Validity of Marriage in the English Conflict of Laws`, (1978) 41 MLR 38; `The Incidental Question and Capacity to Remarry`, (1985) 48 MLR 465. North, `Development of Rules of Private International Law in the Field of Family Law`, (1980) I Recueil des Cours 17. Poulter, `Hyde v Hyde – A Reappraisal` (1976) 25 ICLQ 475. Smart, `Interest Analysis, False Conflicts and the Essential Validity of Marriage`, (1985) 14 Anglo-Amer L Rev 225. Stone, `Some Aspects of Fundamental Rights in the English Conflict of Laws` in Bridge et al (eds) Fundamental Rights (1973) London, Sweet & Maxwell, pp 232, 246-7; `Capacity for Polygamy – Judicial Rectification of Legislative Error` (1983) Fam Law 76. Brook v Brook (1861) 9 HL Cas 193 De Reneville v de Reneville (1948) P 100 Cheni v Cheni (1965) P 85 Lawrence v Lawrence (1985) 2 All E. R. 733 Re Paine (1940) Ch 46 Sottomayer v De Barros (No 2) (1879) 5 PD 94 Ogden v Ogden (1908) P 46 Vervaeke v Smith (1981) 1 All ER 55 Mohammed v Knott (1969) 1 QB 1 Pugh v Pugh (1951) P 482 Radwan v Radwan (No 2) (1972) 3 All ER 1026 R v Brentwood Marriage Registrar (1968) 3 All ER 279 Schwebel v Ungar (1964) 48 DLR (2d) 644 Breen v Breen (1964) P 144 Schezter v Schezter (1971) P 286 Way v Way (1950) P 71 Ponticelli v Ponticelli (1958) P 204 Berthiaume v Dastous (1930) A C 79 Starkowski v AG (1954) AC 155 Lodge v Lodge (1967) 107 Sol Jo. 437 Tackzanowska v Tackzanowski (1957) P 301 (b)Matrimonial Causes Forsyth, `Recognition of Extra-Judicial Divorces: The Transnational Divoce`, (1985) 34 ICLQ 398. Jaffey, `Vervaeke v Smith`, (1983) 32 ICLQ 500. Karsten, `Recognition of Non-Judicial Divorces`, (1980) 43 MLR 202. McClean, Recognition of Family Judgements in the Commonwealth (1983) London, Butterworths. North, The Private International Law of Matrimonial Causes in the British Isles and the Republic of Ireland (1977) Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co. Stone, `The Recognition in England of Talaq Divorces`, (1985) 14 Anglo-Amer L Rev 363. Young, `The Recognition of Extra-Judicial DIvorces`, (1987) 7 LS 78. Schiratti v Schiratti (1978) K. L. R 128 Le Mesurier v Le Mesurier (1895) AC 517 Armitage v AG (1906) P 135 Indyka v Indyka (1969) 1AC 33 Re Meyer (1971) P 298 Salvesen v Australian Propety Administrator (1927) AC 641 Re Edgerton's Wills Trust (1956) Ch 593 Duke of Malborough v AG (1945) Ch 78 Cooper v Cooper (1888) 13 App Cas 88 Callwood v Callwood (1960) AC 659 Harvey v Farnie (1882) 8 App Cas 43 Travers v Holley (1953) P 246 Quazi v Quazi (1980) AC 794 Bater v Bater (1906) P 209 Kendall v Kendall (1971) 1 All ER 378 Merker v Merker (1963) P 283 Re Bankes (1902) 2 Ch 333 Re De Nichols (1900) 2 Ch 410 De Nichols v Curlier (1900) AC 21 (c) Contracts Cheshire, International Contracts (1948). Fletcher, Conflict of Law and European Community Law, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co, Chapter 5. Jaffey, `Essential Validity of Contracts in the English Conflicts of Laws`, (1974) 23 ICLQ 1; `Offer and Acceptance and Related Questions in the English Conflict of Laws` (1975) 24 ICLQ 603; `The English Proper Law Doctrine and the EEC Convention`, (1984) 33 ICLQ 531. Lasok and Stone, Conflict of Laws in the European Community (1987) Abingdon, Professional Books, Chapter 9. Libling, `Formation of International Contracts`, (1979) 42 MLR 169. Mann, `The Proper Law of the Contract`, (1950) 3 ICLQ 60 and 597; `Proper Law and Illegality in Private International Law` (1973) 18 BYIL 97. Morris, `The Proper Law of a Contract: a Reply`, (1950) 3 ILQ 197. North, `Varying the Proper Law`, in Multum non Multa, Festschrift for Kurt Lipstein (1980), Heidelberg, Muller, p 205. Pierce, `Post-Formation Choice of Law in Contract`, (1987) 50 MLR 176. Karachi Gas Ltd. v Issaq (1965) E. A. 42 Bonython v Commonwealth of Australia (1951) AC 201 Amin Rasheed Case (Supra) Campagnie D'Armement Maritime SA v Cie Tunisienne de Navigation SA (1971) AC 572 Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd v Xenakis (1982) 2 Ll Rep 304 Royal Exchange Assurance Corp v Sjofarsakrings Akt Vega (1902) 2 KB 384 The Adriatic (1931) P 241 Sayers v International Drilling Co NV (1971) 3 All ER 163 Rossano v Manufactures Life Assurance Co (1963) 2 QB 352 Coast Lines Ltd v Hudig and Veder Chartering (1972) 2 QB 34 Vita Food Products Inc v Unus Shipping Co Ltd (1939) AC 277 The Iran Vojdan (1984) 2 Ll Rep 380 The Mariannina (1983) 1 Ll Rep 12 De Dampierre v De Dampierre (1987) 2 All. E. R. 1 (d)Torts Briggs, `What Did Boys v Chaplin Decide? `, (1983) 12 Anglo-Amer L Rev 237. Carter, `Torts in English Private International Law`, (1981) 52 BYIL 9. Fawcett, `Policy Considerations in Tort Choice of Law`, (1984) 47 MLR 650. Jaffey, `Choice of Law inTort: A Justice-Based Approach`, (1982) 2 LS 98. Karsten, `Chaplin v Boys: Another Analysis`, (1970) 19 ICLQ 35. Kahn-Freund, `Delictual Liability and the Conflict of Laws`, (1968) II Recueil des Cours, 5. Law Commission Working Paper No 87, `Choice of Law in Tort` (1984). Lasok and Stone, Conflict of Laws in European Community (1987) Abingdon, Professional Books, Chapter 9. McGregor, `The International Accident problem`, (1907) 33 MLR 1. Morris, `Torts in the Conflicts of Laws`, (1949) 12 MLR 248; `The Proper Law of a Tort` (1951) 64 Harv L Rev 881. Morse, Torts in Private International Law (1978) Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co. North, `Contract as a Tort Defence in the Conflict of Laws`, (1977) 26 ICLQ 914. Clarence Smith, `Torts and the Conflict of Laws`, (1957) 20 MLR 447. The Halley (1868) LR 2 PC 193 Phillips v Eyre (1870) LR 6 QB 1 Machado V Fontes (1897) 2 QB 231 Mclean v Pettigrew (1945) 2 DLR 65 Mackinnon v Iberia Shipping Company (1954) 2 Ll 372 Babcock v Jackson 12 NY 2d 473 Reich v Purcell 432 P 2d 727 Chaplin v Boys (1971) AC 356 Church of Scientology of California v Metropolitan Police Commr (1976) 120 Sol Jo 690 Coupland v Arabian Gulf Petroleum Co. 1983) 2 All E. R. 434 (e)Succession Re Annesley (1926) Ch 692 Re Ross (1930) 1 Ch 377 Re Cunnington (1924) 1 Ch 68 Re Fergusson’s Will (1902) 1 Ch 483 Re Price (1900) 1 Ch 442 Re Lewal’s Settlement Trust (1918) 2 Ch 391 Re Fuld’s Estate (No 3) (1968) P 675 Re Schnapper (1928) Ch 420 Re Hellman’s Will (1866) LR 2 Eq. 363 Re Martin (19 00) P 211 Re Miller (1914) 1 Ch 511 Phillip- Stow v IRC (1961) AC 727 Re Collens (1986) Ch 505 Re O’ Keefe (1940) Ch 124 Law of Succession Act, section 16 (f) Transfer of Property Inter Vivos Davis, `Conditional Sales and Chattel Mortgages in the Conflict of Law`, (1964) 13 ICLQ 53. Winkworth v Christie, Manson & Woods Ltd (1980) Ch 496 Adams v Clutterbuck (1883) 10 QBD 403 Re Smith (1916) 2 Ch 206 Bank of Africa Ltd v Cohen (1909) 2 Ch 129 Bank voor Handel en Scheepvart NV v Slatford (1953) 1 QB 248 Hardwick Game Farm v Suffolk Agricultural and Poultry Producers Association (1966) 1 All ER 306 RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGEMENTS Morris, Ch. 9; Cheshire Ch. 15; Collier Ch. 8; Dicey, Ch. 14; Anton, Ch. 26; . 1. Recognition /Enforcement 2. Enforcement of Judgements in personam a) Action of judgement at Common Law Grant v Easton (1883) 13 Ch. D. 302 (GA) (b)Registration under Statute Foreign Judgements Reciprocal Enforcement Act (Cap 43) Trepca Mines (1960) 1 W. L. R. 1273 at 1282; Rossano v Manufacturers Life Ins. Co. (1963) 2 Q. B. 352; Sidmetal v Titan (1966) 1 Q. B. 828; Black-Clawson v Papierwerke (1975) A. C. 591. 3. Jurisdiction of Foreign Court Buchanan v Rucker (1808) 9 East 193; Sirdar Gurdyal Singh v Rajah of Faridkote (1894) A. C. 670; Emanuel v Symon (1908) 1 K. B. 302, 309. (a)Presence or Residence at time of service of process Carrick v Hancock (1895) 12 T. L. R. 59; Blohn v Desser (1962) 2 Q. B. 116; 1933 Act s. 4 (2) (a) (iv). b) Residence of companies Littauer Glove Co. v F. W. Millington (1928) 44 T. L. R. 746; Sfier v National Ins. Co. of N. Z. (1964) 1 L1. R. 330; Vogel v Kohnstamm Ltd. (1973) Q. B. 133; Adams v Cape Industries (1990) 2 W. L. R. 657. (c)Submission to Foreign Courts i) As Plaintiff: Schibsby v Westenholtz (1870) L. R. 6 Q. B. 155, 161, or as counterclaimant: Cap 43s. 4 (2) (a) (ii). ii) Contract of Agreement to Submit: Feyerick v Hubbard (1902) 71 L. J. K. B. 509; Cap 43 s. 4 (2) (a) (iii); Copin v Adamson (1874) L. R. 9 Ex. 345; Emanuel v Symon; Blohn v Desser; Vogel v Kohnstamn. iii) As defendant pleading to the merits: Cap 43 s. (2) (a) (iii); Copin v Adamson (1874) L. R. 9 Ex. 345; Emanuel v Symon; Blohn v Desser; Vogel v Kohnstamn. (d)Office or Place of Business Cap 43 s. 4 (1) (e) Italframe Ltd vs Mediterranean Shipping Co (1986) KLR 54 Gathuna v African Orthodox Church of Kenya (1982) KLR 356 4. Defence when Foreign Court has Jurisdiction d. (a)Fraud: Ochsenbein v Papelier (1893) L. R. 8 Ch. App. 695; Abo uloff v Oppenheimer (1882) 10 Q. B. D. 310; Syal v Heyward (1948) 2 K. B. 443; Jet Holdings v Patel (1990) Q. B. 335; House of Spring Gardens v Waite (1990) 3 W. L. R. 347; Cap 43 s. 10(1) (h) . (b)Natural Justice Price v Dewhurst (1837) 8 Sim. 279; Scarpetta v Lowenfield (1911) 27 T. L. R. 424; Jacobson v Franchon (1927) 138 L. T. 386; Gray v Formosa (1963) P. 259; Lepre v Lepre (1965) P. 52; Adams v Cape Industries (1990) 2 W. L. R. 657; Cap 43 s. 10 (1) (g) c) Public Policy Re Macartney (1921) 1 Ch. 522; Armitage v Nanchen (1983) 4 F. L. R. 293; Phrantzes v Argenti (1960) 2 Q. B. 19; Mayo-Perrot v M-P (1958) Ir. R 336. Cap 43. 4 (1) (a) (v). Israel Discount Bank of N. Y. v Hadjipateras (1983) 3 All E. R. 129. Vervaeke v Smith (1983) 1 A. C. 145; Cap 43 s. 10 (1) (n) 5. Requirements for and Method of Enforcement a)Must be â€Å"final and conclusive† Nouvion v Freeman (1889) 15 App. Cas 1; Colt Industries v Sarlie (No. 2) (1966) 1 W. L. R. 1287; Berliner Indusrie Bank v Jost (1971) 2 Q. B. 463; Cap 43 s. 3 (2) (b) (b)Must be for debt or fixed sum: Sadler v Robins (1808) 1 Camp. 253. Harrop v H. (1920) 3 K. B. 386; Beatty v B (1924) 1 K. B. 807; Cap 43 s. 3 (2) (a) (c)Must not be for ta xes or a penalty: Huntington v Attril (1893) A. C. 150; Raulin v Fischer (1911) 2 K. B. 93; Schemmer v Property Resources (1975) Ch. 273; SA Consortium v Sun and Sand (1978) Q. B. 279; U. S. A. v Inkley (1989) Q. B. 255; Cap 43 s. 3 (3) (a)