Environmental Terrorists (Development or Destruction?) – A proposal for a 40 minute documentary

After decades of methodical environmental damage, it has become apparent that our vital life support system (Mother earth) is getting worse and in a general state of decline. One question on the minds of many people is: What happens at the end of this decline? We are often told that we can adapt to the present state of the environment. But this assumption is increasingly being shown up to be false, as we observe the effects of global warming, the pollution of the eco-systems, potential changes in the food supply, ocean currents, costly weather changes, the destruction of raw materials (such as timber) and much more. In any effort to educate the public and politicians towards action concerning the environment, three questions must be answered honestly and convincingly: ? Are we heading for a collapse of the world's ecosystems that sustain us? ? What are the effects of man made environmental damage on local and global communities? ?Can we restore the environment and work alongside Nature instead of against Her? For some, the answers to these questions are fundamental to their very existence. How long are we prepared to wait and watch as the environment rebels and fights back against Nature's ‘terrorists'; whilst people, communities and populations are destroyed by mankind's insistence on taking more than we are willing to put back? In this verity documentary my team and myself, will focus and examine the devastating effects environmental neglect and over consumption of raw materials has had on a small village on an Indonesian Island named Bukit Lawang. Background On the 2nd November 2003, a flood hit Bukit Lawang, North Sumatra. Approximately 300 people have been killed, with 1400 made homeless. The village was a popular tourist destination, close to Sumatra's main town, Medan, known for a relaxing friendly atmosphere, and famous for the orangutan rehabilitation centre. The flood hit in the evening, around 10pm, while many people were asleep prior to their 4am awakening for Ramadan. The rain had been falling for a couple of weeks, and the river was already high. However on the evening of Sunday 2nd November the waters began to rise sharply, giving some people precious seconds to get onto higher grounds. For most people, however, there was no time to escape. A torrent of water came flooding down mixed with debris and uprooted trees from the constant illegal logging in the jungle, leaving the village in ruins. Bukit Lawang is now unrecognizable. The entire bank of the river has been destroyed, simply washed away, along with many of the inhabitants, and tourists unfortunate enough to be caught up in it all. It has been commonly reported that the flood was the direct result of illegal logging, in an area were people rely on the river to provide their drinking water, bathing and sewage system. Film I would like to shoot the film using classic verity style, with the use of interview (interpreter required), narration voiceover and music (where relevant). Our aims are to educate the viewer on the wider implications of acts against the environment/nature, and the local/global consequences of these actions. By highlighting the hidden dangers often overlooked or disregarded by governments, companies and individuals, we aim to produce a piece that will illuminate the necessity to cooperate with Nature and its Laws. Or face a backlash that may result in a very live threat to the very existence of mankind. We will attempt to take a comprehensive, observational journey through the country and its terrestrial surroundings, highlighting the rich environmental and cultural diversity within the Island/village. We will explore the anthropology of the village (and near by villages) and it's inhabitants in an attempt for the audience to get a feel for the way of life of the populace and also their reliance and subsistence of Nature. (For example: the use of timber/plants for building homes, fishermen and their activities within the rivers, the use of plants for medicinal purposes, their Spiritual/symbolic beliefs, their farming/hunting/cultivating techniques and economic systems. Example scenes: We follow a group of fishermen out one dawn onto the rivers .A fisherman is cut whilst out casting nets into the river. We see how the men/women of the village use leaves and barks as an antiseptic, as opposed to westernized medicine. A young couple in a nearby village are getting married. We see the preparations being made and the different roles undertaken by the males and females of the village. We also get a look at the symbolic nature and spiritual aspect of the festivities. The next phase of the documentary (will be observational, but include narration) focusing on the rapid destruction of Indonesia's forests, and the local effects of ‘logging' on the environment. The area is hit by floods every year, but environmentalists claim that illegal logging has stripped the area of much tree cover and other vegetation which would normally protect and absorb water during rainy season. We will attempt to define and clarify what ‘logging' actually is (using computer generated graphics and on-site filming) and also interview both legal and illegal loggers (through the use of an interpreter) if possible. We shall also contact and get the views of local and global environmentalists and environment scientists to give views, research and scientific evidence to support any claims made. We then progress to the actual flooding of Bukit Lawang, using archive video footage (with permission) from BBC News, CNN and Lonely Planet of the tragedy. This first section will be heavily narrated, and will include video footage, newspaper clippings, sound bites and photographs (again with permission) of the event. Example scene: Video footage of total havoc and devastation: the villagers piling the bodies of the dead high into a pile. Children crying, clinging to mothers, homes being washed away and destroyed in front of the very eyes of the owners, and the clean up operation undertaken by the army in trying to rescue survivors. (The mood will be very somber and frightening; the music chosen will also reflect this.) Footage will be included of Environment Minister Nabiel Makarim claiming the disaster was â€Å"Exacerbated by extensive illegal logging in the hillside area.† And also describing the illegal loggers as â€Å"terrorists, with the consequence of the disaster being as dangerous as a nuclear bomb!† This will also be tied up with filming the effects of the flood on the villagers who have lost family and loves one's in the flood, children who have been orphaned, schools destroyed and homes lost (1400 people are believed to be homeless, although the kindness of the families and others means that most have somewhere to stay). This section will also include narration and interviews with those willing to talk on camera. (Voice over will be added in post production). I have discovered three eye witnesses to the event; a Mr Anthony Hurford, who was living in Bukit Lawang for the last two months doing volunteer work, Mr Agun Jungle (and baby daughter), who is a villager and one of the survivors of the flood, who is now trying to make a living organizing trekking trips around the Island, and Dutch tourist, Leo Zwetsloot, staying at the Bukit Lawang Cottage Hotel. I endeavor to interview the subjects and get their similar or contradicting (as the case may be) experiences of the flood, who/what they felt was to blame for the tragedy and the after effects on their lives. Example scenes: (Voice-over alongside archive video footage) Eye-witness and survivor, Anthony Hurord, gives his live account of the panic, terror and devastation of the flood. â€Å"Houses, people and trees were swept down the river†¦A massive pile, maybe the size of a football pitch; of huge tree trunks personal belongings, bodies and the odd tin roof†¦There simply is no village.† We speak with one of the ‘Elders' of the village, an old man, who survived the flood by quick thinking and helpful neighbors, who dragged him up the village and into safety. The man used to survive on his son's income from illegal logging, and now must rely on the kindness of the other villagers, as his son's have both been killed in the disaster. We see his shame at having played a passive role in the disaster, and the other villager's reactions and treatment of him since. He valued the income at the time, but was oblivious to its catastrophic consequences. We get a sense of the community's resentment at the Government (and the ‘elder!'), for not doing enough to stop the illegal logging trade which benefited a few, yet ultimately cost him the lives of many. A council is also called to decide on the fate of the known illegal loggers and their supporters within the community, (These scenes will be spread out to conclude during the duration of the documentary.) The film will progress (using observation, narration and interviews about the immediate and government aid necessary for the up building of the village. The attempt of the community to rebuild itself, its schools, homes, environment and economy. An attempt will also be made to conduct government interviews with the environment Minister and the President and get their opinion/views on the current situation. (We will aim to ask hard hitting questions about the government's knowledge of the illegal logging trade. Asking who knew of these activities and why wasn't more down to police the issue? Who benefited most from this illegal trade? Does the government feel even partially responsible for the deaths of hundreds of its populace? And question what it intends to do to prevent a situation like this occurring again? Example scene: President getting increasingly uncomfortable at the barrage of questions, resulting in a refusal to answer anymore and the termination of the interview. Resolution We will conclude with the final statements of the environmental scientists, and their opinions for the future, of not just Bukit Lawang, but of the globe in general. Scientific evidence for greater action is becoming clearer, but it is yet to become incorporated into an effective economic action plan for preserving and restoring the environment. In fact we seem to be going in the opposite direction, while environment researchers continue to gather evidence indicating that powerful action must be implemented at all levels of government and in communities all around the world. Using computer technology we will visually replicate images of the deterioration of the planet if we continue on our present course. We will use facts from various environmental agencies on the present state of affairs globally, and their predictions/solutions for the future. Example Scenes Our last shots are of a ‘council of elders' debating, and finally reaching a decision on the future of the illegal loggers within the community, and of Agun Jungles attempts at attracting tourists onto his tours (with little success). Agun realizes he has to leave the village if he is to carve out a life for himself and his young daughter. We see him on a small boat traveling to nearby Malaysia, waving goodbye to his bith land. We see the pain in his eyes, but also the steely determination to provide a better life for his child. The elder previously interviewed has been granted pardon of responsibility and allowed to live within the village, provided he actively participates in the rebuilding of the community. Whilst the illegal loggers are allowed to stay within the village on the condition they help the army (and other environmental agencies) in their attempt to re-forest the land.

Assessment for Learning: the Roles of Teachers Essay

1.1: Compare and contrast the roles of the teacher and the learning support practitioner in assessment of learner’s achievements. The roles of Teachers and learning support practitioners are similar in that they are both continuingly monitoring the progress and achievements of the learner. Teachers need to be aware of every child’s progress within their setting. Gathering evidence and developing a full picture of each child is important, in order to understand their individual needs and supply accurate feedback to other teachers, support staff, parents and the senior leadership team. Teachers are required to plan lessons and set learning objectives for their classes. This is usually discussed with support staff, so they are able to help implement the lesson and effectively support the children’s learning. Support assistants can also be involved with the planning process, as their feedback should influence what is included in the lesson, and how future lessons nee ds to move forward. Both Teachers and Support Assistants should be observing children throughout the lesson. Support staffs are in a unique position, as they are able to observe the class whilst the Teacher leads the session. Through observations, teachers and support staff can identify children who are in need of additional support; it also gives a clear picture of class attainment as a whole. By doing this, targets can be set for individual children and different ability groups, helping them progress with their learning. The overall achievement of a class is a collaborative effort between the teacher and the learning support practitioners. The responsibility of assessment falls to anyone working with the child, and is an on-going process that should never stop happening in the learning environment. 1.2: Summarise the difference between formative and summative assessments. Teachers and Support staff use many different methods when assessing learners. These may include: observations, written records, verbal discussions, checklists and tick charts. Assessments can either be formative or summative. Formative assessments – On-going series of processes that are not conclusive. They are used to gather evidence, and help build a more complete picture of the child, for example: A child’s behaviour may be monitored over a period of time, in order to assess how best to cater for their needs. This will influence future planning and support interventions, as well as help to give a more complete picture of their behavioural patterns. Summative assessments – Used to draw conclusions and bring evidence together. They will consolidate all observations and previous assessments to come to an overall conclusion. Planning can then be set for the next steps, for example: A child who has had his behaviour observed over a period of time, in various different settings, may have an IEP put in place in light of the evidence gathered. Formative assessments are needed in order to make a summative assessment, as they are what contribute to the findings and overall conclusions. 1.3: Explain the characteristics of assessment for learning. Assessment for learning is a key tool for both Teachers and Support staff. It ensures that the learning goals for each lesson are clearly identified and are understood by the learner. This can be achieved by using the WALT and WILF principle: WALT, meaning; We Are Learning Today and WILF, meaning; What I’m Looking For. These objectives should be established at the beginning of each lesson, in order for the learner to understand the lesson criteria and expectations. Assessment for learning also aims for each child to have knowledge of the level they are working at, and what their targets are. This promotes independent learning, as the child understands what they are aiming to achieve and the goals they need to reach. Self-assessment and peer assessment is a key characteristic in assessment for learning. It aims to make children autonomous learners, and be able to recognise how to improve their work. Peer assessment allows children to give constructive advice to their peers, in order for them to progress their skills and learn from one another. Giving feedback to learners, so that they know which steps they need to take next, is crucial. Constructive feedback, along with effective planning, will focus the learners’ attention to the areas they need to improve on. It’s important that each learner believes they have the power to improve, and are confident enough in their ability to do so. 1.4: Explain the importance and benefits of assessment for learning. Assessment for learning is an important teaching tool as it clarifies whether or not the learning objectives, delivered through teaching, are being met. It can determine the educational needs of the children and affect decisions on: extra provisions or interventions, funding and a child’s marks. It helps develop a different culture towards learning and actively involves the child in that process. This is achieved through: helping the child understand the purpose of their learning, giving them the ability to recognise their own strengths and areas they need to improve on, motivating them to aspire to achieve through goals and targets, and giving them an opportunity to discuss with teachers and their peers about their learning. This is hugely beneficial as it encourages children to take ownership over their own learning. It also helps teaching staff identify the needs of the children and determine what approach to take next.

Sampleing Under Pressure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sampleing Under Pressure - Assignment Example A simple randomized sampling strategy was used to provide an estimate of the total number of species inhabiting the ecosystem. Table 1 below shows the summary of the number of species discovered from the forest and their exact population in the sample areas. According to this data, the total number of species identified is 42 % lower than the expected number, which is 42, according to the lab manual. The data also shows that more than a half of the total number of species discovered has a population of greater than three in the whole sampling area. This low frequency number may be accounted by the nature of sampling strategy used, which aimed at getting a diverse and species rich data. To provide an estimated number of the species present in the habitat a cumulative number of new species discovered in each sample was recorded. This cumulative number was plotted against the number of samples as shown in figure 1 below. The slope of the graph shows an increasing number of new species discovered with an increase in the number of the samples collected. This association is not observed after the tenth sample where further increase in the number of samples has insignificant effect on the number of new species found. This is perhaps at this point the number of new species is nearly exhausted. A general rule to determine the total number of species can be formulated from the shape of the plot. For instance, the total number of species can be determined by taking ten samples, doubling the cumulative number of new species and subtracting 10 (the number of samples taken). This rule however, has an error margin of 4.7 percent and still needs further validation. When applied in this lab, the rule gives an estimated number of 40 species, which is relatively closer to the exact number of species in the habitat. There are several sampling schemes that can be used to collect data in different case studies of this nature. For

Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Corporate Strategy - Essay Example supplies from over 1071 factories in 56 countries Furthermore PVH has its headquarters in Manhattan, but has administrative offices in Milan, Trento and Hong Kong as well as operating distribution facilities at locations across the U.S. (PVH Annual Reports, 2008). In regards to the sourcing operations of the firm, according to the Corporate Social Responsibility report, PVH has implemented a ‘Global Human Rights and Social Responsibility Program’ which indicates that the standards for price, quality and logistics are kept on par with the human rights consideration (PVH CSR, 2008). What this means is that the firm self-identifies a global operator and all stakeholders are equally responsible to the firm’s code of conduct. Why PVH is a global firm is important because of the implications is has for the firms strategy. According to the 2008 financial reports more than 30% of the income derived before interest and tax comes from international sales which are up from 25% in 2007. It is the case that the retail sales of PVH is are diverse across the company’s product line, including Calvin Klein brand which has approximately 56% of its sales in international markets to Bass where about 1% of sales are in international markets (PVH,2008). Implicit in this is that different product lines have varying success and strategy in different markets. The question of which value chain activities the company performs in house and which are outsourced is evident from the firm’s financial reports. One specific example is the Calvin Klein brand; wherein the firm maintains a dedicated in-house marketing, advertising and design division. These divisions are responsible for maintaining and controlling the global marketing strategy of the brand and controlling the product development for most of their product licensees. The reasoning behind this strategy is owing to the fact that the firm wants to exert a certain level of control over the entire brand to ensure product and

Nursing Homes and Assisted Livings for Elderly Research Paper

Nursing Homes and Assisted Livings for Elderly - Research Paper Example Long-term care facilities are group-housing environments that provide services for those who lack some capacity for self-care. There are many different LTC facility types (e.g., assisted living, residential care, adult foster care, nursing homes), established and operated according to federal, state, and local regulations and licensing requirements (Dobbs, 2004). The dominant feature of all LTC facility types is arguably the level of care provided. The facility license stipulates the level of care allowed and the training and experience requirements for staff. Unfortunately, care levels are not classified according to the same system for each type of facility making it difficult to directly compare facility types. For example, nursing homes are licensed to provide skilled and/or intermediate care, terms established in federal regulations (Dobbs, 2004). Skilled care is a level of care that requires services that can only be performed safely by a licensed nurse whereas intermediate care is health-related care and services that do not necessarily require licensed practitioners. In contrast, assisted living, residential care, and adult foster care are licensed under state regulations based on the activities of daily living requirements (ADLs) of individuals. The ADLs measure individuals' physical, cognitive, and behavioral functioning. A common A DL measure is whether the individual is "independent," "dependent," or "needs assistance" with bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and eating. Arguably, the most important factor to influence both the older individuals' relocation to a LTC facility and the type of LTC facility chosen is the level of care needed, that is, the individuals' physical and functional limitations and degree of cognitive impairment. Other factors include financial status, availability of supportive family and friends, and regional case management practices. The four facility types are described below. Assisted Living Facilities Assisted living facilities (ALFs) are one of the newest living arrangements for elders, designed around a social rather than a medical model of care. In many ways, the function of assisted living is fairly clear: it is a congregate housing alternative for seniors who are unable to live independently, but who do not require the intensive skilled nursing services av ailable in nursing homes. As the

Leadership and Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and Communication - Research Paper Example This research paper is developed utilizing an interplay of factors which shape leadership development. The researcher discusses leadership, that enables people to go beyond the confines of mediocrity and tread into the realm of excellence. In the process, it induces people to define their desires and to pursue them with passion. Ultimately, leadership transforms potential into reality. In any organization, especially in the academe, the influence of leadership in its operations of has evolved from a simple theoretical framework to the complex structure we have today. The development of leadership theories and communication opened a whole spectrum of information which enhanced the interaction and interrelationships among personnel. In conclusion, the researcher states that the ways to solve human resources problems depend on factors that currently influence the workforce. An examination of these factors would assist the leader and decision maker in arriving at the most appropriate sol ution. At NCO Academy, the problem that was discussed and ensued between the administrators and the instructors necessitated a review and assessment of each set of personnel’s position and role in the academe. By realizing that each personnel’s active contribution to organizational goals, the rift between them would be properly addressed. It just requires the keen governance of NCO Academy’s leaders to steer the organization into an efficiently operating academe focused in the achievement of its organizational goals.

Global marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global marketing - Assignment Example The partnership with industry giants such as Toyota, Porsche, BMW and Mitsubishi will give the company a competitive advantage against American cars. The automobile industry in China is very competitive and this has necessitated the need to globalize the industry. Global market of automotive is characterized with numerous competitors, which has seen the market grow tremendous for the past decade. Jamaican consumers are becoming affluent, and this makes them to be specific in the type of cars that want to purchase. The factors that consumers will take into consideration before they purchase is price, performance, brand and economical aspect. The market segment in Jamaica can be divided according to commercial and private, private cars will be characterized with aspects such as luxury and sporty while commercial cars will be characterized by economical and capacity. In an industry that has intensive competition in Jamaica, and deterring factors such as shipping the cars from China to Jamaica, it will be prudent to market Brilliance Auto Group in a holistic manner in Jamaica. Brilliance Auto Group operates in a huge macro-environment of forces that shape chances and stance threats to the company. Competitors such as Toyota, BMW, Ford, Mercedes Benz, Porsche and VW which are all foreign in Jamaica. Jamaica don’t produce its own cars, and this levels the competition with other firms. Jamaica is a developing country, and this makes it middle earning country characterized by the majority of the population using public transport. However, the country can be said to be characterized by lifestyle that will make model such as FRV, H530, M2, M2 Wagon and V5 SUV have a greater demand for the majority of the population that is keen about lifestyle. There is a stiff competition in the market from other international companies in Jamaica that offer automotive industries. The sales figure of Jamaican

Merger versus IPO or Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Merger versus IPO or Acquisition - Essay Example However, the company is bound by regulatory restrictions to seek prior permission to conduct this exercise; a permission that might be granted or otherwise rejected under strict terms of engagements. Another threat lies in the management of the many stocks. The company may get locked up in meeting the expectation of the public market both in the short term and into the unforeseeable future before embarking on a meaningful journey of expansion (Burton & Prasad, 1997). Kudler Fine Foods also has the option of expanding its operations through mergers or opting to acquire another firm within its line of operations. Noteworthy, these two options possess more or less similar opportunities and challenges. In fact, the special alchemy of a merger and/or an acquisition is that a combined effort is greater than the sum of individuals’ efforts (King, Slotegraaf & Kesner, 2008). Accordingly, it would be more valuable for Kudler Fine Foods to seek the services of another company than function as an individual entity. Merging with a company offering delivery services has the possibilities of giving Kudler Fine Foods a competitive advantage over other similar businesses in the market. Additionally, such a combined effort would set the company on a cost saving path related to the management of the delivery services of its food delicacies. Whichever option between a merger or an acquisition, the resultant company would give Kudler Company a synergetic com petitive strength to function efficiently and the capacity to acquire a greater market share with a re-doubled effect of generating more revenues. On the negative side, mergers and acquisition provide narrower market opportunities compared to an IPO. They are not only less efficient in market pricing, but they may also result into one or both parties losing vital control of key operational elements

Infosys HRM Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Infosys HRM - Case Study Example The company has had to overcome several difficulties since its inception to stamp its authority in the market. The company has had a commendable annual growth rate of 65 percent from 1993 to 2003. The company first strategy was to be an off shoring company, but in the early stages, it had engaged in body shopping. Body shopping involved the sending of its IT experts to foreign countries to solve their client’s problems. However, the company moved back to its original plan of off shoring due to the restrictions that were facing it inn having the control of a specific project (Delong, 2006). The company prior to the preparation of the case was ranked as the best employer. The company had however dropped in the ranking necessitating for serious restructuring at its human resource department. The company placed a lot of importance on its current and future employees ensuring they were satisfied in terms of their welfare. The remuneration of the company’s employees was over ten to fifteen percent that offered by other companies in the same industry (Delong, 2006). Analysis of the company’s performance The company was founded by Murthy and six of his colleagues who had previously worked at start-up software firm against the discouragement from many of their friends. They started the company on two hundred and fifty dollars that they had borrowed from their spouses. The company’s vision was founded on the principles of creating wealth while adhering to the law and a strict code of ethics (Delong, 2006). All the founders of the company were professionals and they aimed at ensuring that they hired professionals to work for them in their endeavors. The founders envisioned a professionally run company that dealt fairly with all its stakeholders who included the customers, shareholders and employees. The initial face of starting the business was faced with challenges occasioned by the bureaucracy and regulations present in India. The regulations hampered the transactions of the business and limited its ability of becoming a global company. The company had a single client up to 1986 and matters became worse when the United States government placed restrictions on the issuance of visas (Delong, 2006). The action by the U.S. effectively reduced the customer base of the company that nearly collapsed. The company was faced with difficulties when one of the partners left to pursue other avenues in the U.S., which dent a blow to the company’s efforts of growth. Murthy convinced the rest of the partners to stay on in the company with a promise of turning it around into a successful company. The company’s management engaged in restricting efforts that were boosted by the liberalization of the Indian economy. The Indian economy had been faced with negative macroeconomic conditions that forced the government to liberalize its economy dismantling the licensing system that had been used (Delong, 2006). The new conditions in the business market allowed for the conversion and a hundred percent ownership of high-technology companies. The company took advantage of the liberalization of the economy to venture into the Indian capital markets through an initial public offer (IPO). The company moved from body shopping to off shoring as a strategy to counter the restrictions placed by the U.S. government on the limitations of obtaining a visa (Delong, 2006). T

The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play Essay Example for Free

The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play Essay Explore the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play. Make specific reference to Act 1, Sc 5 and 7 and Act 2, Scene 2. At the beginning of Act 1, Scene 5, we see Lady Macbeth reading a letter from her husband. This letter outlines Macbeths battle with the Norweyans and his meeting with the three witches. He also tells his wife that he has been honoured by his King, and has a new title, Thane of Cawdor, thus fulfilling the first of the witches prophecies. Macbeth tells his wife that the witches hailed him King that shalt be, and addresses her as his partner of greatness. This can been seen as a sign of a good relationship. Macbeth is telling his wife of something major that may happen to him, and trusts her. He also calls he his partner of greatness, telling us that the Macbeth believes he and his wife are of equal stature and have ambition for each other. This shows a balanced relationship. Macbeth trusts his wife implicitly when he tells her of the witches prophecies, Lay it to thy heart, He says in a conspiratorial tone. Lady Macbeth obviously knows her husbands character well, and knows would be more than hesitant about killing his own King for his own gain, but that he is, not without ambition Macbeth is a honourable man and a good warrior and servant to his King. Lady Macbeth fully recognises this and knows he would no want to kill his King. yet I do fear thy nature, It is too full of the th milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way Lady Macbeth seems to be the more dominant of the two in the relationship, and seems more likely to take real action to ensure that he will be King than her husband. She speaks of convincing her husband, Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear, And chastise thee with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round A serf then interrupts her soliloquy, to inform her that the King will arrive at the Macbeth castle on that very night, and Lady Macbeth is surprised. She speaks of King Duncans entrance under her battlements, seemingly emphasizing her possession of the household, ..the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements. Lady Macbeth now invokes murdring ministers to take over her body and thoughts, to give her the determination and strength to inspire her husband into murdering his own King. This shows that Lady Macbeth is prepared to go to any lengths to get what she wants. .Come you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here. .Come on my womans breasts, And take my milk for gall. However, Macbeth is not so easily won over. He will not give in to such a treacherous idea with out some discussion, and does not want that discussion as soon as he returns to his home, We will speak further, he says in a commanding tone. Lady Macbeth again shows her cunning in the matter and points out to Macbeth that he can look innocent but still commit this terrible crime. She seems to think this is perfectly all right and encourages him to, .look like th innocent flower But be the serpent undert. We leave the scene with Lady Macbeth assuring her husband that everything will be fine if he will, .Only look up clear; To alter favour ever is to fear Leave all the rest to me. At the beginning of Act 1, Scene 7, we are presented with Macbeth in a room in his castle, pondering his options. He seems to be more convinced that he could murder his king, but he is still not certain. He is filled with self doubt and is afraid of the consequences this dreadful act will harbour. Macbeth feels that one murder will not immediately bring about his coronation, and that he may have to kill many others, ..if th assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch With his surcease, success; that but this blow Might be the be-all and end-all While mulling this point over, it dawns on Macbeth what a truly horrible deed the murder will be. He realises his duty as his kings subject, and this bears heavy on his mind, .Hes here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed: then, as his host, Who should against his murderer should shut the door. Macbeth feels alone and in isolation. He has no one to turn to, to discuss his intent to be king. He cannot tell any of his other house guests that he is considering to kill his king. Macbeth makes a decision not to attempt to kill the king, and knows only his greedy ambition is making him even consider this vile act, ..I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition which oerleaps itself, And falls on th other- At this point Lady Macbeth interrupts his quiet thought. This is a pivotal point in the play. Macbeth has clearly made up his mind not to kill Duncan, We will proceed no further in this business, but Lady Macbeth thinks she can convince him otherwise. Lady Macbeth seems horrified at her husbands apparent weakness. Macbeth is a brave warrior, who has killed for his country many times, but will not take a dagger to a single man in his own home, .Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteemsst the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting I dare not wait upon I would' Their now seems to be immense tension on the once flourishing relationship. Macbeth is disgusted that he may be called a coward, and claims he would do anything any other man would, and more, I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. Lady Macbeth uses brutal and impassionate words to try to change her husbands mind, .I have given suck, and know How tender tis to love the babe that milks me I would while it was smiling in my face Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this The use of this graphically horrific image turns Macbeth into acceptance of his wifes plans; although he does try one last ditch attempt to talk himself out of the deed, If we should fail? This feeble effort to find a way out of killing is immediately put down by his wife, who is sure they will succeed, We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And well not fail What cannot you and I perform upon Th unguarded Duncan? Lady Macbeth is trying to convince her husband that they will be partners in this act, but in reality, all she will have to do is set the scene for the murder, whereas Macbeth must commit the foul deed. Macbeth is in complete awe of his wifes self-belief, and is convinced that she is so unladylike that she may , Bring forth men-children only, For thy undaunted mettle should compose Nothing but males. Macbeth has decided to give in to his wifes domineering personality and puts his trust completely in her, I am settled. The couple, having seem to have overcome this temporary disruption in their marriage, now plan to participate in the murder of the guest, King Duncan. They agree to greet the news, of his untimely death with complete disbelief and horror that such a thing could happen in their own home, False face must hide what the false heart doth know. At the start of Act 2, Scene 2, we encounter Lady Macbeth returning after poisoning Duncans chamberlains. She seems to be exited by the prospect of the murder, and, no doubt, the prospect of being Queen of Scotland. She is enthralled and confides in us, That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold; What hath quenched them hath given me fire. Macbeth himself appears more subdued when reappears on stage carrying the bloodstained knives of the chamberlains, showing none of the fiery passion of his wife. In fact, Macbeth seems to be preoccupied with the sounds of the night. He tells his wife of Donalbains cry of murder in his sleep. Donalbain then prayed, but Macbeth could not answer his prayer. He is preoccupied with what may be the punishment from God for his abominable act, Listening their fear, I could not say Amen, When they did say God bless us!' His wife is comforting, fearing Macbeth may expose that they, not they chamberlains are the perpetrators of the crime, Consider it not so deeply. .These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad. Macbeth continues in his irrational babbling, against the desires of his wife, clearly in complete disbelief of his acts. Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep, the innocent sleep. His wifes cool calm exterior appears to be at breaking point, and her frustration is obvious at her husband, and compares him to a frightened child, Infirm of purpose! Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead Are but pictures. Tis the eye of childhood That fears the painted devil Shakespeare now uses knocking as a stage device, signifying the urgency of the situation. The couple have no time to brood over their actions, but still lady Macbeth manages to keep her composure, under immense pressure, My hands are of your colour; but I shame To wear a heart so white [knock within] I hear a knocking At the south entry. Retire we to our chamber. Macbeth now completely regrets the nights incidences and wants to undo the horror he laid upon his king, to know my deed, twere best not know my self [Knock within Wake Duncan with thy knocking. I would thou couldst. By the end of this scene, we see the once close and happy couple growing further and further apart. Lady Macbeth concerns herself with the immediate future, whereas he husband is emotionally shattered, and will never be the same man again. This violent scene is the beginning of the constant corrosion, which plagues the couple throughout the play, eventually resulting in complete communication breakdown.

The definition of stress and its history

The definition of stress and its history Stress is defined as an organisms complete reaction to environmental demands or pressures. When stress was initially studied in the middle of the twentieth century, the term was used to refer to both the reason and the experienced effects of these pressures. More recently, however, the term stressor has been used for the inspiration that aggravates a stress response. One continuing discrepancy between researchers concerns the definition of stress in humans. Is it principally an external response that can be measured by changes in glandular secretions, skin reactions, and other physical functions, or is it an internal interpretation of, or reaction to, a stressor; or is it both? The meaning of stress depends on the approach that psychologists follow. Straightforwardly, stress just means effort, demand upon energy. Almost everything can create this stress position; a loud noise, a deadline, revision, late transport, or even simply getting up in the morning. However, there are three ways of approaching a definition of stress; Stress can be classified in terms of all individuals reacting in the same biological way, to the same stimulus. This is the stimulus based model, i.e. the stimulus causes the stress but our reaction is identical physiologically. Any awareness of a stress stimulus activates the hosts physiological response. This is general both across time (every time we encounter a stressor) and society. Stress can be defined as reliant upon the persons answer to the stressor. This is a more downbeat way of looking at stress. The individual is portrayed as suffering from stresses, feeling stressed. The individual is seen as having an immature coping mechanism. This internal response may also be down to diverse personality types or cultural influences, but the management of stress is seen as coming from internal change. The most accepted way of viewing and studying stress nowadays, is to use an interactions approach. This means we may all be faced with the same external stressor (stimulus) but the stress response that we display will fall heavily on our individual differences, gender or culture. In simple terms, the phrase exam is the same stimulus, but some characters will be feeling tense and worked regarding this near event, while other will appear more calm and less stress fluctuation. Psychologists try to find out the factor affecting this interaction and stress management depends on the perceived interaction and response. The term stress is conceptualised in many different ways by psychologists. Here are just a few: A state of psychological and physical tension produced, according to the transactional model, when there is a mismatch between the perceived demands of a situation (the stressor[s]) and the individuals perceived ability to cope. The consequent state of tension can be adaptive (eustress) or maladaptive (distress). Brody, R and D Dwyer (2002) Revise Psychology for AS Level, Hove, Psychology Press, p210 In my perception, this explains that stress is regarded as any given situation and an individual own views on this, whether they have set the bar too high or if it is achievable. For example, the situation is running the London Marathon. One person may have been training for many months or even years for this annual run and they feel they can achieve their goal, but another person who has not been training at all may feel confident when signing up, but as the day becomes closer, they begin to realise that the task is almost in-achievable, therefore becoming stressed. The non-specific response of the body to any demand Seyle (1950), in Eysench, M and C Flanagan (2000) Psychology for AS Level, Hove, Psychology Press, p137. This view explains that stress to them means that the body reacts in many ways to every situation given to that individual, no set response is guaranteed for the notable challenge. A pattern of negative physiological states and psychological responses occurring in situations where people perceive threats to their well-being which they may be unable to meet Lazarus Folkman (1984) in Gross, R; R McIlveen and H Coolican (2000) Psychology: A New Introduction for AS Level, London, Hodder Stoughton, p60 This explanation claims that stress is a response from the body which is triggered by a situation which the brain interprets and becomes threatened and overwhelmed. E.g. your first day at a new job. You arrive at your desk, given a long list of jobs needed completing, as its your first day, you dont know what to do so your brain reads this, resulting in the body reacting (shaking, sweating etc). The physical response of stress is all about the rapid mobilisation of energy. Hans Selye is credited with popularising the word stress as it is used today. Selye noticed that animals which were put in sustained stressful conditions all developed the same physical problems such as stomach ulcers, weight loss, abnormal changes in the size of glands (some shrunk, some enlarged), and impaired immune system functioning. Selye (1976) proposed that when exposed to sustained pressure there would be a standard response. He called this the General Adaptation Syndrome and divided it into three phases; Phase one Alarm Reaction. Immediate reactions of the organism to the stressful conditions, similar to Walter Canons (1939) theory of the fight or flight response. Phase two Resistance stage. The animal adapts to the demands of the stressor. However, this adaptation requires adaptation energy and this is gradually used up until the animal can no longer resist the stressor. Phase three Exhaustion. At this stage, the animals resistance to the stressor is so weakened that diseases become apparent. Most of the long-term adverse changes that Selye observed were due to the effects of another hormone involved in the stress response, cortisol. Cortisol has useful short-term effects; including mobilising energy stores and making us feel more alert. However, for various complex reasons, the long-term effects of cortisol are to down-regulate the immune system, disrupt the reproductive system, suppress the inflammatory response and even to damage areas of the brain which affect memory and mood. Joseph V. Brady (1958) trialled on monkeys the consequence of stress within different job roles and personalities. Brady positioned the monkeys in restraining chairs and conditioned each one to initiate a lever. Electric shocks were given every 20 seconds unless the level was actioned in the time span. This study came to an unexpected stop when many of the monkeys passed away from perforated ulcers. To analysis this Brady used a control monkey. He positioned an Executive Monkey in the restraining chair, which could press the lever to put a stop to the electric shock. The other monkeys had no power over the lever, leaving only the Executive monkey with the psychological stress of pushing the required button. The schedule to the electric shocks was six hours on followed by six hours off and after twenty-three days of this, the executive monkey died. Brady then attempted a variety of schedules, but no monkeys died from this. He then returned to the original work schedule of six on, six off and tested the stomachs of the Executives and discovered that their stomach acidity was at its peak during the rest period. The maximum risk materialised when the sympathetic arousal closed and the stomach was filled with digestive hormones. This was a parasympathetic rebound related with the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which began development of ulcers in the Executive monkeys. Throughout all the variations of the experiment, not a single yoked control monkey ever developed an ulcer. This proposes that the ulcers were a symptom of the excessive stress encouraged by having the control over the other monkeys fate. Hans Selyes General Adaptation Syndrome proposes a similar effect in the Exhaustion phase. There were two Whitehall studies, the first investigates the social factors of health, mainly cardio respiratory disease longevity and mortality rates within United Kingdom civil servants aged between twenty-four and sixty-five. The early study, Whitehall I Study, was carried out in 1967 and carried on for over ten years. A second chapter, the Whitehall II Study, inspected the health of 10,308 civil servants aged thirty-five and fifty-five. Only one third of these experimentees were women while the remaining two thirds were men. Whitehall II studied people within the working age. It looked into the links between work, stress and health. Whitehall II discovered organisation at work, climatisation at work, social influences, early life experiences as well as health behaviours all play a factor in determining the health social gradient. As partakers in this investigation resumes through adulthood, the research is concentrating on health inequalities and the aging populations ability to function adequately. With an ever increasing population of senior citizens in the United Kingdom, there is a vital need to establish what causes social inequalities and to study long-term repercussions on an individuals ability to function and have a healthy retirement. The social gradient in health is not so much a spectacle confined solely to the British Civil Service. All the way through the developed world wherever researchers have gained information to investigate, they have witnessed the social gradient in health. Health in equalities are a worldwide matter affecting people across the social gradient in rich, middle income, and poor nations. To have the ability to address inequalities in health it is essential to understand how social organisation affects health also to find ways to develop the state and circumstances in which people work and live. The Whitehall II fields of study in the lowest employments grades did demonstrated a higher chance of having many of the established hazardous factors of coronary heart disease (CHD): an inclination to smoke, lower height-to-weight ratio (higher chance of obesity and diabetes), less leisure time, and higher blood pressure. However, even after amending these factors to a more normal level, the lower employment grades were unfortunately, still at greater chance of a heart attack; another factor was at work. Some have directed the reason of CHD to cortisol, a hormone created by the body as a response to stress. A consequence of cortisol release is a reduction in the immune systems efficacy through lymphocyte manipulation. One theory illuminating the connection between immune-efficiency and CHD is that infectious pathogens such as herpes or Chlamydia are partially to blame for coronary diseases, thus a body with a chronically suppressed immune system will be less able to avert CHD. A substituted option to the cortisol explanation is that self-esteem is a key contributing factor and that the relationship between a professional accolade and self-esteem gives an explanation for the health gradient. The study favouring this observation related low self-esteem in test subjects with a greater decline in heart rate variability and higher heart rates in general-both established CHD risk factors-while acting out stressful tasks. At this current time there is no universally-accepted mode of causality for the occurrence exposed by the Whitehall studies. Clearly stress is associated to a greater risk of CHD, but so are many other unconventional factors. In addition to this, stress seems to be too non-specific. There are various kinds of stress in ones day-to-day life and each kind could contribute in a different way. The theory of Type A and Type B personality is a type of theory that describes a pattern of behaviours that were once regarded to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Since its commencement in the 1950s, the theory has been widely disapproved of for its scientific shortcomings. It nonetheless continues in the form of pop psychology within the general population. Type A individuals can be portrayed as impatient, controlling, concerned about their status, highly competitive, ambitious, aggressive, having difficulty relaxing; and are occasionally detested by individuals with Type B personalities for the way that theyre constantly rushing. They are often impressively achieving workaholics who multitask, drive ones self with deadlines to meet, and are uneasy about delays. Because of these attributes, Type A individuals are often portrayed as stress junkies. Type B individuals, in comparison to type As, are described as patient, relaxed, and easy-going, basically lacking any sense sense of urgency. This can also be illustrated as lazy and lacking ambition. Individuals who live with their parents well into their adulthood are an example. Because of these traits, Type B individuals are often depicted by Type As as apathetic and disengaged. There is also a Type AB mixed profile for people who are not easily categorised or not fit into A or B purely. Meyer Friedman portrayed a suggestion in his 1996 book, Type A Behaviour: Its Diagnosis and Treatment, that Type A behaviour is expressed in three major indicators. One of these symptoms is thought to be concealed and therefore less observable, whereas the other two are more visible; Symptoms of Type A Behaviour Time urgency and impatience, resulting in irritation and exasperation. Free floating resentment, which can be started by even minor events. Ready for action, this made them familiar towards achievement which caused them to be stressed due to them wanting to be the greatest at whatever they may be doing i.e. sports or in work. Type A behaviour was first explained as a likely risk factor in coronary heart disease (CHD) in the 1950s by cardiologists Meyer Friedman and R. H. Rosenman. After a nine-year investigation of healthy men, aged thirty-five to fifty-nine, Friedman Rosenman approximated that the risk of coronary heart disease in Type A individuals is double than that of otherwise healthy individuals. This research had a huge effect in inspiring the development of the field of health psychology, in which psychologists view how a persons mental state affects his or her health in a physical state. Type A/B theory has been put under scrutiny on a number of grounds e.g. statisticians have disputed that the original study by Friedman and Rosenman had serious limitations, comprising of large and unequal sample sizes, and less than one percent of the variance in links explained by Type A personality. Psychometrically, the actions that define the syndrome are not highly associated, indicating that this is a collection of separate tendencies, not a logical pattern or type. Type theories universally have been slated as overly simplistic and incapable of assessing the degrees of variety in human personality. Researchers also found that Type A behaviour is a poor predictor of coronary heart disease. Research by Redford Williams of Duke University, states the unfriendliness component of Type A personality is the pure and simple risk factor thus, it is a high level of conveyed anger and hostility, not the other components of Type A behaviour that constitute the problem. On the basis of these condemnations, Type A theory has been termed outdated by many researchers in contemporary health psychology and personality psychology. To conclude, all three of these theories demonstrate positive relations between situations, theories and stress, however, as stress is an un-defined phrase, not one nor is the other able to give us further insight into how to control the stress illness relationship. The comparison between all three however, is that a combination of cognitive approach along with behavioural approach creates a physiological reaction.

Ethical Dilemmas of Genetic Prenatal Screening Essay -- Genetic Testing

One of the questions that has recently plagued me has been that of which is about the genetic structuring of our offspring. I ask myself, will we able to choose the physical features our child? If so, do we as a society think this will be an ethical practice? Perhaps, scientifically, this might be entirely possible, but law will most likely restrict it. An article written by Frederic Golden helped me draw some understanding on this hot topic. Golden commences his article with a brief story of a mother and father who have been through prenatal testing. They tested for Down syndrome and an inheritable neuromuscular disease. While it was a straightforward procedure that was deemed valid by their doctor, Blue Cross (their insurance provider) refused to pay the bill, even though it was only $300. â€Å"It often opens up a Pandora’s box of questions that tear not only into pocketbooks but our psyches: What if the news from a test is bad? Or ambiguous? Should the fetus be aborted? Or should the child be brought into the world in hopes that a cruel disease can be managed or cured? And w... Ethical Dilemmas of Genetic Prenatal Screening Essay -- Genetic Testing One of the questions that has recently plagued me has been that of which is about the genetic structuring of our offspring. I ask myself, will we able to choose the physical features our child? If so, do we as a society think this will be an ethical practice? Perhaps, scientifically, this might be entirely possible, but law will most likely restrict it. An article written by Frederic Golden helped me draw some understanding on this hot topic. Golden commences his article with a brief story of a mother and father who have been through prenatal testing. They tested for Down syndrome and an inheritable neuromuscular disease. While it was a straightforward procedure that was deemed valid by their doctor, Blue Cross (their insurance provider) refused to pay the bill, even though it was only $300. â€Å"It often opens up a Pandora’s box of questions that tear not only into pocketbooks but our psyches: What if the news from a test is bad? Or ambiguous? Should the fetus be aborted? Or should the child be brought into the world in hopes that a cruel disease can be managed or cured? And w...

Link these jobs with these jobs skills & qualities needed :: Business and Management Studies

Link these jobs with these jobs skills & qualities needed Personal Qualities While certain jobs will require specific skills, there are a number of personal qualities that must employer look for in an employee regardless of job role. These skills are:  · Communication Skills  · Manual Skills  · Using Initiative  · Flexibility  · Reliability  · Enthusiasm  · Problem Solving  · Motivation  · Intelligence  · Honesty  · Time Management  · Team Working Skills  · Dependability  · I.C.T Skills Communication Skills Ability in the areas of language understanding, communicating expressively, and practical language skills is needed in most basic job role. Communication is the art of successfully sharing meaningful information with people by means of an interchange of experience. E.g. Coaches wish to motivate the athletes they work with and to provide them with information that will allow them to train effectively and improve performance. Communication from the coach to athlete will initiate appropriate actions. Manual Skills Many employers will look for employees who have some basic manual skills. Manual skills workers should be able to lift boxes, carry large packages, mop the floor, and climb steps and ladders to reach files or products. E.g. A shop assistant should be manually skilled so that when customers ask for products that are on the top shelves he/she can get it. Using Initiative Employers want staffs that get on with their work happily without complaining. The employees should use their own brain power. E.g. If an employee keep on asking his/her senior about everything on the work she/he is doing that means she/he is not using their initiative. Honesty Employees should be honest to their employers instead of lying to and not coming to work. Making excuses not to come to work saying that I fell off sick, I had to go to an appointment. Even if an employee takes money out from the organisation without asking the employer that is not honest. E.g. an employee in the HSBC bank took out money from the bank without asking. Efficiency Efficient employees have to work at a high standard as possible and

computers and life :: essays research papers

Life in a modern technologhy requires skills in dealing with computers...CH 8 Network Management. 8.1 Network Documentation. *Cut sheet diagrams. The first and most critical component for a good network is documentation. Documentation is the most talked about and least performed task in a network. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · diagrams that indicate the path of the physical wiring layout; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · the type of cable; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · the length of each cable; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · the type of termination for the cable; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · physical location of each wall plate or patch panel, and; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · A labeling scheme for easy identification of each wire. * MDF and IDF layouts This is a Physical and logical layout of the Main Distribution Facility and all of the Intermediate Distribution Facilities in the network, layout of rack mounts, auxiliary equipment, and servers in the distribution facility, patch panel labels to identify cable terminations. Identification and configuration details of all equipment located in the distribution facility. *Server and workstation configuration details This is any physical detail of the computer, model and serial number, Physical location, user, and network identification. *Software listings Standard and special software used on each machine in the network. This list includes operating system and application software. *Maintenance records It is also valuable to keep a list of all repairs that have been done to all equipment included in the network. This will help an administrator predict possible future problems with existing hardware and software. *Security measures Includes "soft" security, such as user rights, password definition, and firewall support, but also physical security. Physical or hard security includes things as simple as identifying how the MDF and IDF's are locked, who has access to these rooms and why, how the hosts are protected (security cables - alarms), and who has physical access to the system. *User policies They contain how the users can interact with the network. These policies include what is and what is not permissible on the network. It should also include what the consequences of violating user policies will be. Other aspects of user policies include what minimum user ID and password length should be, and rules for the content of passwords. 8.2 Network Security includes the following. * Network access It involves making the network as secure as possible against unauthorized access. This is done by establishing security policies, such as minimum password length, maximum password age, unique passwords (not allowing the same password repeated), and only allowing the user to logon to the network at particular times of the day or days of the week. computers and life :: essays research papers Life in a modern technologhy requires skills in dealing with computers...CH 8 Network Management. 8.1 Network Documentation. *Cut sheet diagrams. The first and most critical component for a good network is documentation. Documentation is the most talked about and least performed task in a network. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · diagrams that indicate the path of the physical wiring layout; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · the type of cable; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · the length of each cable; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · the type of termination for the cable; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · physical location of each wall plate or patch panel, and; à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · A labeling scheme for easy identification of each wire. * MDF and IDF layouts This is a Physical and logical layout of the Main Distribution Facility and all of the Intermediate Distribution Facilities in the network, layout of rack mounts, auxiliary equipment, and servers in the distribution facility, patch panel labels to identify cable terminations. Identification and configuration details of all equipment located in the distribution facility. *Server and workstation configuration details This is any physical detail of the computer, model and serial number, Physical location, user, and network identification. *Software listings Standard and special software used on each machine in the network. This list includes operating system and application software. *Maintenance records It is also valuable to keep a list of all repairs that have been done to all equipment included in the network. This will help an administrator predict possible future problems with existing hardware and software. *Security measures Includes "soft" security, such as user rights, password definition, and firewall support, but also physical security. Physical or hard security includes things as simple as identifying how the MDF and IDF's are locked, who has access to these rooms and why, how the hosts are protected (security cables - alarms), and who has physical access to the system. *User policies They contain how the users can interact with the network. These policies include what is and what is not permissible on the network. It should also include what the consequences of violating user policies will be. Other aspects of user policies include what minimum user ID and password length should be, and rules for the content of passwords. 8.2 Network Security includes the following. * Network access It involves making the network as secure as possible against unauthorized access. This is done by establishing security policies, such as minimum password length, maximum password age, unique passwords (not allowing the same password repeated), and only allowing the user to logon to the network at particular times of the day or days of the week.

Assess the Short Term Impact of the Economic Crisis on the League of Nations Essay

The League of Nations was created in January 10th 1920. It worked by the principle of collective security, in which all disputes threatening war would be submitted to the League and any member resorting to war would have broken the Covenant, and would face collective action by other members. However, permanent members such as Britain and France, had veto powers to reject decisions to safeguard their own national interests. Thus, unanimity was never achieved. However the league was not initially as powerful as it seemed as it lacked basic requirements such as a police force and authority overall. Therefore the great depression was not the only factor which had an impact on the league as there remained many faults in the way the league was run. The global economic crisis of 1929 affected nearly all great powers. It led to countries who owed money to each other drowning in huge debt e. g. Austria’s bank, which went bust. During the economic crisis, every country imposed high duties on imports in an effort to protect its own industries. This increased tensions between countries as they were all trying to reproduce their own economy and secure themselves as the most powerful country, but revealed the Leagues weaknesses. This is supported by a historian who states, â€Å"The situation really began to drift out of control with the onset of the great depression, it brought unemployment and living standards to most countries causing extreme right wing governments to come into power in Japan and Germany together with Mussolini, they refused to keep with the rules and took a series of actions which revealed the Leagues weakness. Japan was affected by the economic crisis of 1929, so aimed to rebuild its economy. However they did this by acquiring the south Manchurian Railway, while completely ignoring the League’s aim of avoiding aggression. China was angered by this and considered the League for help and support, so the League decided to set up an enquiry headed by Lord Lytton, who rejected Japanese claims and called for a withdrawal of Japanese forces as they refused to recognise Manchukuo as a separate state. However little did China now that the Leagues minor efforts would go to waste once Japan withdraws from the League in 1933 because without its own armed forces the League could not compel Japan to comply with the commissions demands. This shows the Leagues major weakness as it freely allowed countries to leave whenever the conditions didn’t suit them, indicating no clear system and a sense of being powerless. Robert Wolfson and John Laver share the same view as they state â€Å"this was in a sense, the moment of truth for the League – how would it deal with a member who rejected its decisions? , he later indicates â€Å"if collective security is not used effectively in Manchuria there may be a European war in 10 years’ time. † Furthermore, distracted by the great depression, the European powers and U. S lacked the will and resources to oppose Japanese militarism. The League therefore failed to live up to its ‘collective security’ and exposed how weak they were, this is backed up by Tony Howarth who states, â€Å"The invasion of Manchuria had two important side effects – putting aside for a moment its dreadful revelation that the League was powerless in the face a determined aggressor. First it raised the prestige of the Japanese army. Second, it made it possible for the army to pressurise the Japanese government to undertake a policy of armed expansion. † Here we can clearly see that the League was unable to deal with the more powerful and larger states as they were lacking power and authority, this is perfectly linked to the cartoon David Low drew in 1933 where it shows Japan getting away with trampling over the League and a League official freely allowing them to get away with the aggression (giving flowers) . This shows the League being humiliated and blames the weak leaders and not the League itself as they were not taking serious action in order to prevent Japans invasion of Manchuria, this links back to the global economic crisis as it was primarily the great depression which affected the League as the crisis was a result from the 1929 catastrophe. On October 3rd 1935 Italian troops invaded Abyssinia from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. The League stated that Italy were the aggressors and imposed limited sanctions – they failed to place sanctions on Oil which was needed to enable the continuation of war. Sanctions were not increased or universally applied, even after it emerged that Italian forces were making use of Chemical weapons against civilians. Instead of imposing sanctions the British and French foreign ministers came up with the Hoare-Laval Pact. This pact would end the war but would grant Italy large areas of Abyssinia. This pact weakened the Leagues position as Britain and France (2 leading members) were prepared to give way to Italy. However Antony Eden reveals his contradictory views in his Telegram, â€Å"There is neither sign of any weakening in overwhelming support for the covenant which was feature of debate in Assembly nor any sign that members of the League would be unwilling to shoulder their obligations should situation demand it. The only nation which has shown a marked lack of enthusiasm for effective action under the covenant is France. Antony the British Minister favoured the League so this source can be biased as his interests would without doubt lay upon the League, however he blames France for not following the basic rules of the covenant and does not focus much on Italy’s invasion of Abyssinia, indicating that maybe he was fine with the invasion. However, A. J. P Taylor shares contrary views as he states that â€Å"There is no concrete interest in the state of Abyssinia. Mussolini was concerned to show off Italy’s strength and not require practical gain. Taylor suggests that Italy only did what they did in order to gain security for their country while having no intentions of causing conflicts and having selfish aims. Therefore did not invade Abyssinia for economic reasons. What is more, is that the global economic crisis brought right wing leaders into power e. g. Adolf Hitler, who was looked upon as a great leader and last resort in Germany who could introduce reforms and change Germany’s economy for the better, especially after they were blamed for the outbreak of the war and faced major reparations which worsened their economy, far more than any other major countries economy. The great depression gave Hitler the opportunity to aggressively campaign in order to secure Lebensraum and recover territories lost, this frustrated Leagues efforts to maintain peace as they were not living up to their policy of ‘collective security’. Germany left the League of Nations in 1933, which made it even harder for the other great powers to control and regulate actions taken by Hitler. An example of Hitler’s daring improvisations was the re-occupation of the Rhineland in March 1936, which could no longer be dealt with by the League of Nations as it lost the control to interfere with what Germany did. Therefore in general the great depression had a major impact on the League of Nations as it exposed every bit of the Leagues weakness, as supported by Robert Wolfson and John Laver who states â€Å"each of these coincidences and accidents made it all the easier for a collective security system to fail. † However it is fair to say that the League itself was not initially powerful. It lacked authority and had no police force whatsoever, hence the reason why powers were continuously threatening to leave the League, such as Japan and Germany’s withdrawal in 1933. This undermined the Leagues power as it simply failed to control the League’s members and what was worse it that any country could join the League when it suited them, which caused divisions and conflicts as the policy of ‘collective security’ was not turning out to be very successful as it primarily was thought to be. During Neville Chamberlain’s speech, he stated â€Å"the league of nations and the policy of collective security to which we have given so whole – hearted support with such disappointing results†¦. We should therefore abandon the idea of the League and give up the ideals for which the League stands† He is clearly undermining the Leagues power and indicating that they did not live up to what they promised. Chamberlain shares the views that the League might have been able to sort out little problems but it was clearly unable to stop major crisis as the Nations would have to find another way to deal with that. Hitler’s Mein Kampf reveals how he felt about the League of Nations, â€Å"they did not realise that in most cases they were dealing with persons who had no backing whatsoever, who were not authorized by anybody to conclude any sort of agreement whatsoever; so that the practical result of every negotiation with such individuals was negative and the time spent in such dealings had to be reckoned as utterly lost. † Here Hitler is expressing how the League were clearly not organised and had no authoritative figure or system whatsoever which is a major setback and a failure of how the League was run overall. Another major issue was the fact that the U. S. A and USSR did not join the League. This was a problem as these were the only 2 powers near enough and strong enough to take effective action, however were not members of the League, which is why the League lacked power and authority. â€Å"America’s consistent refusal to use nothing more than words in support of the League had shown just how toothless and helpless the international community was when it came to enforcing and upholding the peace. A dangerous precedent had been set. † This can be linked to the cartoon called ‘the gap in the bridge’, which shows a gap in the bridge and a keystone which represents USA, not joint to the bridge, preventing the League from being stable and unable to function without USA’s support, so consequently all the foreign nations try to pull USA into the League as they are desperate for a Nation which is military and economically stable, hence tied and dependent on the US. In conclusion the global economic crisis had a huge impact on the League as it exposed its weaknesses and undermined its authority and power. †the existence of the League caused cabinets and foreign ministers to wobble between the old and the new diplomacy, usually securing the benefits of neither, as the Manchurian and Abyssinian cases amply demonstrated. † However the setup and running of the League itself lacked enforcement powers and had no real machinery of collective security. Ironically, therefore the Leagues actual contribution turned out to be not deterring aggressors, but confusing the democracies. † Hence after analysing many contemporary sources and historian views it was mainly the global economic crisis which had an impact on the League of Nations as it highlighted and exposed the weaknesses of the League while undermined its system of ‘collective authority’.

Large corporations Essay

Intranets are private websites, connections, or channels, usually owned by large corporations. The look and the environment of Intranets are relatively the same as Internets – the only difference between them is the fact that Intranets built to be accessible only to a group of authorized individuals that belongs to a certain company. For an Intranet connection to work, the presence of at least two servers is required, and one of which is going to act as a web or a file server. The one, on the other hand, is supposed to work as an email server. The faster and more efficient the microprocessor these individual server has, the better will the Intranet performance is going to be. Of course, aside from the servers, individual computers that connect to the Intranet are also part of the whole setup. These client computers can be connected either physically to the server through the use of a network cable or wirelessly courtesy of wireless network cards (Koehler, 1998). The two servers involved are tasked to transmit files, folders, and web pages to all the computers connected to it through it. The whole setup is also made possible through the use of the server software installed in it. Depending on what is required, each of the two servers needs an operating system, such as Windows, Unix, or Linux, and a combination of different programming software like ASP, PHP, XML, Perl, and other similar applications. Client computers however, would just require a functional operating system and a compatible browser (Dasgupta, 2001). It is the software that basically allows Intranet to function. A regular Windows operating system such as Windows 2000 and Windows XP are capable of working as web and email servers after performing the necessary configuration. However, a lot of administrators prefer to use Windows 2000 Server or Novell instead of the ones stated above. Both Windows 2000 Server and Novell have the necessary software embedded in them so that the Intranet connection can perfectly pass through. Intranet data are transmitted through the use of protocols, sockets, ports, and IP addresses. Once the required sets of software are configured and the necessary hardware in place, then the Intranet connection successfully works. It does not stop there, however. In an inner office intranet setup, security is of utmost importance. Without security parameters, data becomes accessible to the public. The regular username-password dialogue box manifests a commonly practiced Intranet security method. But aside from that, firewalls can also serve as a good security measure because of its ability to block access from an unauthorized IP addresses and similar connection points. Encryption software can also be used, especially if sensitive data are involved, such as bank account numbers, credit cards, and similar financial information (Ashley, 1999). II. Hardware Any regular computer with a network card physically or remotely connected to the intranet can access the server. The more important hardware requirements in an inner office intranet setup therefore, are the web, file, and email servers. These servers should adequately provide high-speed access to the whole network, as they are the backbone of the Intranet system. An office system with more than a thousand employees need a file server with 4 Megahertz processor speed having at least 1 Gigabytes of memory installed. On the other hand, the hard disk it contains should be 10 gigabytes or above and ideally, should follow a redundant array configuration. Still considered as part of the hardware requirement is the server’s operating system and it is the platform from which the Intranet system will work. As stated previously, Microsoft Windows 2000 Server is an example of a functional operating system as it has Microsoft Internet Information Server pre-installed in it. Macintosh, Linux and Unix are also popular choices, although which platform to choose depends entirely on the developer’s expertise and the company’s resources. Intranet follows the basic idea of local area networking. As such, the use of physical network connections is required, either directly or wirelessly. Most companies use network cards, cables, hubs, switches and wireless routers to transmit data requests from the computer to the server and then back again. And for the server to understand which remote computer requested a particular data, the concept of IP addressing comes into play. IP address means Internet Protocol address and each computer in the network is assigned a unique number that falls within the server’s subnet. Computers don’t necessarily understand human language. Consequently, the data received from the remote computer has to be translated into a code that the main servers can understand. This is the main task of a protocol stack, which is another program built-in into a computer’s operating system. Protocol stacks are more commonly called as the TCP/IP protocol, and this is what most companies, large and small alike prefer to use. These data pass through ports. Ports are a special set of numbers present in the header of every data packet sent by the client and the server. Ports are used so that the data being transmitted are mapped properly and directly to the correct process or application as designated. Different applications use different ports. Files, web pages, and emails each pass through a unique port in a computer. This is main reason why it is possible to accept these three different type so data packets all at the same time (Dasgupta, 2001). Routers, on the other hand, are the devices that are tasked to know the exact location of the computer that the data is intended for. Routers can either be a software functioning inside the server, like in the case of proxies. But in many cases, a router is a hardware that contains a firmware that has the capacity to direct traffic within the network or sub-network. While routers know all the computers below them, they do not necessarily know the ones above them. The moment that a packet, or a piece of information, is received by the router from the server, it checks the IP address the data is for. When it finds its location, it will then send the data accordingly. Else, it would transfer the data to the next router in the network, which will do the exact same process until the computer with the matching IP address is found. After which, the computer receives the data and is translated in a human-understandable form so that it can be used by the employee who requested it (Dasgupta, 2001). III. Software After the physical layer is in place and is running, the next thing that the administrator has to do is to setup the server-side functions of inner office Intranet. Depending upon the requirements of the company, a web page-like interface can be installed, which usually come in the form of simple HTML software. But that can be enhanced if utilized along with different script builder programs such as Cold Fusion, CGI, and database applications like Oracle. AT this point, the concepts applied here are generally the same as that an Internet connection. Only in this case, the data is not made accessible to the public, but only to the authorized people belonging to the office network. Aside from hard-core coding software, there is also that need for a design or the so-called perfect interface. Design and interface falls under the wet ware requirement of an Intranet network, although this category is still considered part of the software requirements. The most common reason why companies choose to setup an Intranet connection is because they have that need to gather all their employees at a common point. For this reason alone, an Intranet’s design and presentation becomes important. Consequently, they should always go well within what the employees wants to see and hear every time they access the portal and what the management and the shareholders want to impart. And aside from a good web designer, a talented writer may also be required to create announcements, ads, slogans, and content for the inner office’s intranet site (Koehler, 1998). IV. Security The most important aspect of Intranet connection would be its security, for it is that which primarily makes the Intranet different from the Internet. In an Internet setup, people from across the globe can access the data provided they have a telephone line, a modem, and a decent connection speed. Whereas in an Intranet, only authorized people are allowed. Only those who have desks and computers provided by the company can possibly have access to Intranet. Furthermore, in an Intranet setup, employees are given a username and password and from there, they can be categorized according to their respective department. As a result, only people belonging to a particular department can access the resources allotted to them. For example, the finance department can only go through files related to accounting while the marketing department can only download, modify, and create files that relates to sales. Most of the time, those people who belong to the upper echelon are given total access across departments (Koehler, 1998). Aside from categorization, it is also important for an inner office intranet to use firewalls to further protect their network from unauthorized outside access. Some intranets allow external access from their employees, meaning these people have the ability to connect from outside the office by passing through a virtual private network. For such applications, intensive firewalls are needed to keep other people away from the company’s database and server. Most companies use Cisco router firewalls, which can be considered as hardware, while there are companies that settle for purely software-based firewalls similar but not totally alike, to what Norton, Symantec, and AVG creates. But most firewalls that large corporations use are highly customized – meaning a pool of expert programmers are commissioned to create them from scratch. Open ended and individualized firewalls like these are harder to penetrate unlike the pre-built ones. Basically, what firewalls do is to block the ports from which data passes through, especially if the request comes from an unauthorized source (Ashley, 1999). References Ashley, Paul. (1999). Practical Intranet Security: Overview of the State of the Art and Available Technologies. Massachusetts: Kulwer Academic Publishers. Dasgupta, Subhasish. (2001). Managing Internet and Intranet Technologies in Organizations: Challenges and Opportunities. Pennsylvania: Idea Group Publishing. Koehler, Jerry W. (1998). The Human Side of Intranets: Content, Style, & Politics. Florida: CRC Press LLC.

The History Of The Food Choice Negotiations Education Essay

To offer a representation of the organic nutrient pick procedure based on the findings of this survey, a conceptual theoretical account was drawn up ( Figure 1 ) . The theoretical account consists of 4 cardinal concepts ( personal properties, personal context, nutrient values and external influences ) that contribute to the factors involved in nutrient pick dialogues. Food brushs vary harmonizing to single experiences. These experiences are enriched as life style, age and personal demands alteration over clip. Based on experiences shared by participants on their nutrient pick behavior, the alteration in nutrient picks based on age and careful considerations due to income capacity was noted in nutrient pick considerations. Though minimum mentions associating gender types to organic nutrient pick were highlighted, the function that adult females played as cardinal nutrient pick shapers showed its impact on organic nutrient pick. In this survey, the undermentioned facets of personal context peculiarly the individuality assumed by participants was noted to act upon organic nutrient picks made. To exemplify the procedures involved in organic nutrient pick, factors of influence identified were evaluated for similar effects based on its properties and the nature of its impact. Common factors were categorised into subjects and labelled consequently. Based on the combined findings obtained from the impact of factors of influence, nutrient pick dialogue spiels and organic nutrient perceptual experiences and attitudes, a representation of the organic nutrient pick procedure was developed. A theoretical account picturing the flow of organic nutrient pick was proposed and used to depict the procedure of organic nutrient pick happening among Singaporeans. Choices made sing organic nutrients, like other nutrient types are based on attitudes and perceptual experiences held towards it. These form ideas about organic nutrient that guide involvement degrees and purchase purpose. When sing organic nutrient picks, several factors of influence are known to be involved in the dialogue procedure. These factors are deliberated at changing degrees depending on its associated grade of significance. In placing the factors of influence involved in organic nutrient pick, themes extracted from participants ‘ conversations were evaluated for common togss and categorised for a better representation of its influence. The following are the thematic groups categorised based on the assorted factors of influence. An analysis of motives for and against organic nutrient pick was conducted through interviews with participants. The interviews offered a deeper apprehension of organic nutrient perceptual experiences as participants shared in item the assorted considerations and value fond regards involved in organic nutrient determination devising. The significance of values is evident as participants often focused on selected grounds for involvement or deficiency of involvement in organic nutrients. Value dialogues emerge in the conversations as participants attempt to warrant their sentiments and judgements on organic nutrient within the local context. This uncovers cardinal values involved in organic nutrient pick considerations and provides the footing for farther probe. Value dialogues were observed in many participants ‘ nutrient pick considerations. The demand to run into demands, fulfill demands and satisfy penchants guided value considerations. Valuess were re-evaluated for prioritisation to simplify determinations. Lowered outlooks held for certain values were besides noted in accomplishing desired results in concluding determinations. In the procedure of nutrient dialogue, several schemes were adopted by participants in their efforts to decide value struggles happening during organic nutrient pick considerations. These schemes involved equilibrating Acts of the Apostless such as irregular purchase or purchase of limited assortments of organic nutrients and prioritisation of values harmonizing to state of affairss. Based on this survey, similar values in struggle were observed among several participants in changing state of affairss. Common values such as affordability, wellness, nutrient safety and convenience often dominated nutrient pick considerations peculiarly with respects to organic nutrient pick. These common values including others that were invovled in nutrient dialogues among participants were identified as nucleus values responsible for organic nutrient pick considerations. Assorted factors of influence impacting organic nutrient pick were described by participants in this interview. The impact of these factors ranged from personal context, merchandise offerings to the consequence of external influences. Participants shared on what organic nutrients offered them, concentrating on merchandise properties and the impact external influences had on their picks. Percepts of organic nutrient were besides noted as participants describe their sentiments and experienced with organic nutrient. Their attitude towards organic nutrient was noted as they shared on the impact of external factors on their determination to buy organic nutrient. Reasons for involvement and disinterest in organic nutrient highlighted participant ‘s attitudes towards organic nutrient pick. Reasons for involvement in organic nutrient revolved around the benefits conferred by the merchandise attributes of organic nutrient. Naturalness, higher alimentary belongingss and enhanced centripetal entreaty of organic nutrient were responsible for increased involvement in organic merchandises. These properties besides formed the footing for conditional purchase of organic nutrients for several participants. The function of participants in life, peculiarly as household members and parents were seen to play an of import portion in nutrient pick determination devising. The individuality adopted in assorted state of affairss guided the values sought for when sing nutrient picks and organic nutrient was considered based on carry throughing cardinal values such as wellness and nutrient safety. For some participants, changing involvement degrees in organic nutrients was influenced by external influences such as handiness of organic merchandises, handiness of organic shops, societal influences and cost. Interestingly, deficiency of involvement in organic nutrients was besides attributed by similar external influences every bit good. These were considered under conditional fortunes and weighed based on single capacity and demands. The factors of influence identified were deliberated against personal nutrient values held by participants. These nutrient values played important functions in the considerations made towards organic nutrients picks. In contemplating the organic nutrient pick, personal nutrient values of nutrient safety, wellness, entreaty, ethical belief, trust, cognition, relationships, affordability and convenience were used as criterions against which organic nutrients were measured. Measurement of organic nutrient was reflected in the ability to run into single ‘s demands, household demands and ends of ingestion.III Food pick dialoguesScripts related to personal nutrient values and factors of influence were closely examined for happenings of outlooks, comparings, need fulfillment and balancing Acts of the Apostless taking topographic point as people considered organic nutrients. Using discourse analysis, a thorough scrutiny of selected books was conducted to foreground value dialogues happ ening as participants weigh their demands against the merchandise offerings of organic nutrient. As participants consider their picks in visible radiation of on-going external influences such as the local nutrient context, resource capacities and societal dealingss, schemes adopted to make a balanced point of view or considered determination are uncovered. These schemes and dialogue forms offer a clearer apprehension of the nutrient pick procedure involved for organic nutrient merchandises. Organic nutrient pick determinations are motivated by personal values which are embedded in nutrient experiences encountered in society. These personal nutrient values are formed harmonizing to people ‘s beliefs, demands and desires sing nutrient. These values are negotiated and compromised to bring forth a balance position that guides the perceptual experience and attitude of organic nutrients. To better understand the procedure of organic nutrient pick, a closer scrutiny of how personal nutrient values are considered in nutrient pick determinations was conducted. Below are selected remarks taken from interview books to exemplify the diverse and complex value dialogues that occur in organic nutrient pick considerations. In the first section of the interview session, participants were requested to portion their experiences and ideas on their current nutrient wonts. They were guided towards ideas on their nutrient pick behaviors such as types of nutrients preferred, common wonts when taking for nutrients, topographic points of purchase and willingness to seek new nutrient types. As these were approximately general nutrients wonts, it facilitated easiness of sharing. Understanding nutrient pick habits offers a broader position of the nutrient pick considerations of Singaporeans. Participants were so asked to portion on celebrated alterations in nutrient wonts happening in across their life. Food wonts and its alterations in life revealed factors of importance that influenced nutrient pick determinations. These besides offered insight into the personal nutrient values held by participants as organic nutrient picks were contemplated. Food pick behavior of participants in this survey were besides evaluated based on their involvement degrees in organic nutrients, penchant towards nutrient picks and experiences with nutrient. Due to the little figure of participants in this survey, findings from this analysis reflect some of the nutrient pick behavior of Singaporeans. Food pick wonts At the beginning of the interview, participants were requested to portion their nutrient purchasing wonts and purpose of purchase. Participants shared that nutrient picks made were based on nutrient beginning dependability, quality merchandises such as freshness, long term storage, pleasingness and good looking merchandises. Food picks were besides dependent on cooking manners peculiarly Asiatic cookery manners and culinary art. Food options revolved around handiness of merchandises suited for the coveted culinary art. Most participants mentioned trying to choose for healthy nutrient picks which included more veggies, whole nutrients and less processed nutrients. With respects to participants purchase purposes, run intoing wellness demands for betterment of current wellness status, recovery from unwellnesss and wellness bar intents were cited as cardinal considerations in nutrient picks made. This was peculiarly noted among nutrient picks made by participants with kids. Food picks were besides made based on kids ‘s gustatory sensation involvement and demands. Another ground mentioned for involvement in wellness nutrient wonts was involvement in fittingness. Several participants shared on their alterations in eating wonts based on involvement in losing weight, remaining tantrum and qui vive. The exposure to information on alternate nutrient picks such as organic nutrient was reported as grounds for alterations noted in nutrient picks. Increased handiness of information through the local media, health-related magazines and web site had raised people ‘s consciousness on populating a healthy life style. With the ability to do more informed nutrient pick determinations, alterations in nutrient choice wonts were mentioned. Past experiences with nutrient was observed to impact involvement in nutrient and affected nutrient picks over clip. The influence of parents on eating wonts was described by some participants as holding a permanent consequence on their nutrient picks. Some shared on wellness witting eating picks encouraged by parents while others mentioned limitations experienced in nutrient picks made by their parents. Some participants shared on their alterations in eating wonts as they transited from young person to adulthood. During young person, less attending was paid to wellness and picks were made to fulfill gustatory sensation and appetency. With age and higher disbursement power, more nutrient options were accessible. It was noted among several participants that with age, involvement in wellness consciousness was increased therefore taking to greater focal point on wellness nutrient options. Food experiences encountered during interaction with friends and people from assorted backgrounds were besides shared by participants. Some participants shared on their alterations in nutrient wonts after exposure to alternative nutrient beginnings such as organic nutrients during their stay overseas and the influence of interaction with organic nutrient advocators. Interest in organic nutrients Interest degrees in organic nutrients varied among participants for different grounds. Eighty-eight per centum of participants interviewed in this survey purchased organic nutrients at least one time a twelvemonth ( 16 purchased hebdomadally, 20 purchased at least one time a twelvemonth and 5 ne'er purchased organic nutrients ) . Participants who were interested in organic nutrients had positive experiences based on past organic nutrient ingestion and tests. Some were motivated by wellness grounds or were encouraged by friends and household. For others, involvement in organic nutrients was dependent on merchandise entreaty, temper, increasing presence of alternate picks. Curiosity and willingness to seek new types of nutrient were besides attributed to increasing involvement in organic nutrient merchandises. Some participants shared that organic nutrient pick had become a lifestyle alteration and continual involvement in organic nutrient as a nutrient wont was maintained through expo sure to more information on natural and organic nutrients. Those interested in organic nutrient exhibited personalities such as willingness to seek new nutrient types and openness to information about alternate nutrient types. Health witting behaviors, healthy feeding picks and willingness to go in hunt of healthy nutrient options were besides features described by those interested in devouring organic nutrients. Lack of involvement was noted in 12 % of participants who were deterred from buying organic nutrients due to common wonts of buying certain nutrient types, deficiency of a compelling ground to pass more on organic nutrients, big assortment of non-organic nutrient options available, absence of involvement, minimum apprehension of the benefits of organic nutrients, handiness and cost issues. Some participants shared that their deficiency of involvement was based on the absence of sufficient informations to turn out the benefits of organic nutrient promised. Higher cost and limited assortment available added to the neutrality experienced. Those who lack involvement in organic nutrients or ne'er considered organic nutrient options described themselves as non being adventuresome in seeking new nutrient types and preferred to adhere to habitual nutrient options. Some considered themselves conservative feeders while others were apathetic to new nutrient options due to past nutrient wonts. Drumhead Food pick behaviors are based on people ‘s wonts and involvement in nutrient. In this survey, participants shared their nutrient wonts, experiences and alterations observed over time.rephrase Interest in factors related to merchandise properties, run intoing the demands of peculiar culinary art and wellness attention were some of the cardinal focal point of nutrient pick. Fitness attention and involvement in carry throughing kids ‘s demands were besides cited as purchase purposes among participants. External factors that affected alterations in eating wonts included exposure to information on healthy nutrient picks, increased income capacity and societal exchanges on nutrient experiences. Age alteration was besides another factor shared by several participants that impacted nutrient picks made peculiarly in position of continuing wellness. Reasons for involvement and disinterest in organic nutrients reveal to us certain factors which are valued in people ‘s nutrient considerations. Interest in organic nutrients was seen to be motivated by wellness consciousness, merchandise entreaty and benefits offered by alternate nutrient picks. Issues refering to handiness, cost and deficiency of sufficient information were cited as grounds for neutrality in organic nutrients. Examination of participants ‘ nutrient wonts, behaviors and involvement in nutrients reveal cardinal motive factors that influence nutrient picks. An rating of these factors would supply grounds for its significance in nutrient pick peculiarly towards organic nutrient pick. It besides highlights assorted personal nutrient values sought for in nutrient determinations. In subsequent analysis, a closer probe of these factors would be conducted as participants portion their positions on organic nutrients.II Factors of influence and perceptual experiences of organic nutrientIn the undermentioned section of the interview, participants were requested to portion freely on their ideas about organic nutrients including what it means to them and if they considered buying organic nutrients. Participants were asked to portion their sentiments and their grounds for involvement or disinterest in organic nutrient. Common themes related to organic nutrient pick were identified utilizing a combi nation of conventional and directed analysis methods. Emerging subjects from interview books were corroborated with findings from similar research on organic nutrient pick. The subjects were so evaluated for its relevancy in organic nutrient considerations and labelled consequently under the term ‘factors of influence ‘ . These factors are believed to undergird people ‘s organic nutrient pick determinations. Interview books related to these factors of influence were extracted and analysed separately for its impact on organic nutrient pick. Using discourse analysis, books refering to each factor of influence were closely examined for its significance and part to organic nutrient pick determinations. Organic nutrient perceptual experiences and attitudes are formed through assorted influences including personal experiences with nutrient and external affects through societal interactions. The formation of perceptual experiences and attitudes occur over clip as people indulge in exposure to more information on nutrient and regular contact with the local nutrient environment. In this survey, participants shared their perceptual experiences and attitudes to organic nutrient as they deliberated nutrient picks through their conversations. Their perceptual experiences on organic nutrients are revealed as they refer to assorted factors of influence that play a portion in their determinations.